मुख्य सामग्री पर जाएं
फांट का आकार बढ़ाएं नियमित फांट आकार फांट का आकार घटाएं  डार्क थीम का प्रयोग करें सामान्‍य थीम का प्रयोग करें
English
Click here to Visit the RBI’s new website

Reserve Bank of India

BBBPLogo

प्रकाशन

मुद्रास्फीति पर घरेलू अपेक्षाओं का सर्वेक्षण

आज रिजर्व बैंक ने अपने द्विमासिक मुद्रास्फीति पर घरेलू अपेक्षाओं के सर्वेक्षण (IESH)1 के जुलाई 2021 चक्र के परिणाम जारी किए। कोविड-19 महामारी के चलते सर्वेक्षण टेलीफ़ोन पर जून 28 से जुलाई 9, 2021 के बीच 18 प्रमुख शहरों में जहां भी संभव हो सका, आमने सामने के साक्षात्कार द्वारा एवं अन्य स्थानों पर टेलीफोनिक साक्षात्कार के द्वारा आयोजित किया गया। इसके परिणाम2 5,963 शहरी परिवारों3 के प्रत्युत्तरों पर आधारित हैं।

विशेष:

  1. वर्तमान अवधि के लिए परिवारों की मेडियन मुद्रास्फीति अवधारणा 10.3 प्रतिशत की ऊंचाई पर बनी रही [चार्ट 1a और 1b; तालिका 3]।

  2. तीन माह और एक वर्ष आगे की अवधि के लिए नवीनतम चक्र में परिवारों की मेडियन मुद्रास्फीति अपेक्षाओं में क्रमशः 50 आधार अंक और 60 आधार अंक की वृद्धि हुई [चार्ट 1a और 1b; तालिका 3]।

  3. 60 प्रतिशत से अधिक उत्तरदाताओं को आगे की तिमाही में और अगले एक वर्ष में सामान्य मुद्रास्फीति के बढ़ने की उम्मीद है [तालिका 1a और 1b]।

  4. एक वर्ष आगे के लिए सामान्य कीमतों और मुद्रास्फीति को लेकर परिवारों की उम्मीदें सामान्यतया उनकी गैर-खाद्य उत्पादों और सेवाओं की लागत के अनुमानों के अनुरूप थीं [तालिका 4]।

  5. परिवारों को एक वर्ष के क्षितिज की तुलना में तिमाही क्षितिज में खाद्य उत्पादों की कीमतों में अधिक वृद्धि होने की उम्मीद है [तालिका 1a और 1b]।

Chart 1

नोट: कृपया समय शृंखला डेटा के लिए एक्सेल फ़ाइल देखें।

Table 1(a): Product-wise Expectations of Prices for Three Months ahead
(Percentage of Respondents)
Survey period ended Jul-20 Jan-21 Mar-21 May-21 Jul-21
General Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE
Prices will increase 83.5 0.92 83.7 0.89 86.6 0.74 83.7 0.68 85.9 0.79
Price increase more than current rate 52.2 1.14 56.0 1.26 58.4 1.14 58.5 0.91 63.0 1.15
Price increase similar to current rate 26.0 1.03 22.4 0.95 24.1 0.94 21.2 0.76 19.6 0.90
Price increase less than current rate 5.3 0.54 5.3 0.53 4.1 0.50 4.0 0.37 3.3 0.38
No changes in prices 14.0 0.84 14.3 0.86 11.1 0.71 14.0 0.63 11.3 0.70
Decline in prices 2.5 0.43 1.9 0.30 2.3 0.29 2.3 0.30 2.8 0.40
Food Product                    
Prices will increase 82.3 0.86 80.9 0.95 85.2 0.70 84.4 0.72 84.0 0.81
Price increase more than current rate 54.7 1.08 54.2 1.16 61.2 1.01 60.2 0.92 61.0 1.15
Price increase similar to current rate 21.9 0.89 20.0 0.95 18.1 0.81 19.4 0.75 17.6 0.89
Price increase less than current rate 5.7 0.47 6.7 0.57 6.0 0.55 4.8 0.38 5.4 0.53
No changes in prices 13.2 0.75 13.0 0.82 9.3 0.60 11.8 0.63 10.5 0.65
Decline in prices 4.5 0.56 6.1 0.54 5.5 0.45 3.9 0.39 5.5 0.53
Non- Food Product                    
Prices will increase 79.1 0.99 79.3 0.98 81.0 0.78 78.6 0.79 82.6 0.85
Price increase more than current rate 48.3 1.11 51.6 1.20 57.0 1.00 53.1 0.95 59.0 1.17
Price increase similar to current rate 24.6 0.98 20.9 0.90 19.4 0.77 19.8 0.75 18.8 0.92
Price increase less than current rate 6.2 0.51 6.7 0.56 4.7 0.43 5.6 0.44 4.7 0.50
No changes in prices 15.2 0.87 16.9 0.91 12.9 0.69 17.1 0.72 12.3 0.73
Decline in prices 5.6 0.59 3.8 0.40 6.2 0.48 4.3 0.42 5.1 0.51
Household Durables                    
Prices will increase 57.8 1.14 64.3 1.11 68.1 0.92 58.8 0.96 65.6 1.10
Price increase more than current rate 34.7 1.07 42.5 1.15 46.0 0.98 37.7 0.94 45.1 1.19
Price increase similar to current rate 17.6 0.87 16.8 0.77 17.7 0.74 16.4 0.70 16.6 0.86
Price increase less than current rate 5.4 0.48 5.0 0.49 4.4 0.44 4.7 0.40 4.0 0.43
No changes in prices 28.4 1.00 27.2 1.05 24.6 0.84 32.2 0.90 25.3 0.99
Decline in prices 13.8 0.86 8.4 0.58 7.3 0.50 9.0 0.56 9.1 0.66
Cost of Housing                    
Prices will increase 46.9 1.08 66.1 1.11 68.9 0.93 54.9 0.94 64.7 1.13
Price increase more than current rate 28.1 0.98 45.1 1.20 48.4 1.03 36.5 0.92 45.9 1.21
Price increase similar to current rate 14.9 0.78 16.2 0.79 16.7 0.75 14.4 0.67 14.5 0.79
Price increase less than current rate 3.9 0.39 4.8 0.49 3.8 0.40 3.9 0.36 4.2 0.46
No changes in prices 29.9 1.03 24.6 1.02 22.2 0.86 30.5 0.89 23.7 0.99
Decline in prices 23.2 0.95 9.3 0.66 8.9 0.54 14.6 0.69 11.6 0.74
Cost of Services                    
Prices will increase 70.1 1.06 68.8 1.06 75.6 0.90 67.6 0.89 74.3 1.02
Price increase more than current rate 43.3 1.11 45.7 1.15 51.6 1.02 44.6 0.94 52.5 1.19
Price increase similar to current rate 21.2 0.92 18.5 0.81 19.4 0.79 18.0 0.71 17.3 0.83
Price increase less than current rate 5.6 0.49 4.6 0.50 4.5 0.44 5.0 0.40 4.5 0.45
No changes in prices 25.7 0.99 27.4 1.02 20.8 0.84 29.2 0.87 22.0 0.95
Decline in prices 4.2 0.52 3.8 0.47 3.6 0.36 3.2 0.35 3.7 0.43
Note:
1. The table provides estimates and standard errors for qualitative responses.
2. Constituent items may not add up to the corresponding total, due to rounding off.

Table 1(b): Product-wise Expectations of Prices for One Year ahead
(Percentage of Respondents)
Survey period ended Jul-20 Jan-21 Mar-21 May-21 Jul-21
General Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE
Prices will increase 84.6 0.87 88.0 0.80 88.7 0.61 86.9 0.65 86.8 0.78
Price increase more than current rate 55.9 1.12 62.9 1.23 63.4 1.07 62.4 0.91 65.6 1.18
Price increase similar to current rate 24.3 0.93 21.2 0.95 21.4 0.87 20.3 0.75 18.3 0.93
Price increase less than current rate 4.4 0.46 3.9 0.43 3.8 0.44 4.2 0.38 2.9 0.38
No changes in prices 12.9 0.82 9.6 0.75 8.5 0.54 10.4 0.58 10.1 0.68
Decline in prices 2.5 0.35 2.4 0.33 2.8 0.32 2.7 0.33 3.1 0.41
Food Product                    
Prices will increase 75.3 1.00 80.5 0.96 81.7 0.74 81.7 0.76 80.8 0.87
Price increase more than current rate 45.2 1.10 53.0 1.21 54.6 1.01 53.5 0.95 55.9 1.18
Price increase similar to current rate 24.1 0.96 22.6 0.96 22.2 0.83 22.6 0.77 20.7 0.98
Price increase less than current rate 6.0 0.50 4.9 0.49 4.9 0.46 5.6 0.43 4.2 0.45
No changes in prices 17.4 0.88 13.4 0.84 12.0 0.61 12.5 0.64 12.6 0.73
Decline in prices 7.3 0.63 6.1 0.55 6.3 0.45 5.8 0.46 6.6 0.54
Non- Food Product                    
Prices will increase 74.3 1.04 80.4 0.93 79.9 0.79 79.2 0.78 80.3 0.91
Price increase more than current rate 44.0 1.13 52.8 1.22 54.0 1.02 51.8 0.96 56.8 1.21
Price increase similar to current rate 24.3 0.92 22.7 0.93 21.4 0.83 21.8 0.76 19.0 0.91
Price increase less than current rate 6.0 0.50 4.9 0.45 4.6 0.44 5.7 0.44 4.6 0.48
No changes in prices 18.7 0.97 15.0 0.84 13.4 0.66 15.8 0.70 13.4 0.76
Decline in prices 7.0 0.71 4.6 0.46 6.6 0.47 5.0 0.44 6.2 0.57
Household Durables                    
Prices will increase 62.4 1.14 69.8 1.07 70.3 0.90 64.7 0.94 69.1 1.06
Price increase more than current rate 35.6 1.08 45.0 1.20 47.2 0.98 41.2 0.94 47.0 1.18
Price increase similar to current rate 21.1 0.91 19.9 0.81 18.8 0.74 18.6 0.72 18.3 0.88
Price increase less than current rate 5.8 0.51 4.9 0.48 4.4 0.42 4.9 0.39 3.8 0.41
No changes in prices 26.0 1.01 22.1 0.97 22.7 0.81 26.7 0.86 22.7 0.97
Decline in prices 11.6 0.81 8.1 0.63 6.9 0.48 8.6 0.55 8.2 0.62
Cost of Housing                    
Prices will increase 57.4 1.10 74.8 1.05 75.7 0.86 65.4 0.93 71.8 1.08
Price increase more than current rate 34.7 1.10 49.9 1.22 53.8 1.04 43.5 0.97 50.9 1.21
Price increase similar to current rate 18.4 0.88 20.2 0.91 18.3 0.79 17.5 0.71 16.6 0.87
Price increase less than current rate 4.3 0.43 4.7 0.48 3.6 0.38 4.5 0.40 4.2 0.44
No changes in prices 26.1 1.01 17.7 0.95 17.8 0.76 23.3 0.83 19.8 0.92
Decline in prices 16.5 0.83 7.5 0.61 6.5 0.48 11.2 0.62 8.4 0.68
Cost of Services                    
Prices will increase 75.6 1.06 78.5 0.98 81.4 0.75 76.5 0.82 80.9 0.88
Price increase more than current rate 46.1 1.11 51.1 1.21 55.2 1.02 50.0 0.94 55.9 1.17
Price increase similar to current rate 23.7 0.90 22.9 0.96 21.5 0.82 21.3 0.75 20.5 0.91
Price increase less than current rate 5.8 0.50 4.6 0.45 4.7 0.44 5.2 0.43 4.5 0.47
No changes in prices 20.5 0.97 18.2 0.94 15.2 0.67 20.1 0.77 15.7 0.80
Decline in prices 3.9 0.57 3.3 0.41 3.4 0.35 3.4 0.36 3.4 0.42
Note:
1. The table provides estimates and standard errors for qualitative responses.
2. Constituent items may not add up to the corresponding total, due to rounding off.

Table 2: Inflation Expectations of Various Groups: Jul-21
  Current Perception Three Months ahead Expectation One Year ahead Expectation
Mean Median Mean Median Mean Median
Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE
Overall 10.5 0.11 10.3 0.06 11.7 0.11 11.3 0.42 11.0 0.13 11.5 0.49
Gender-wise                        
Male 10.8 0.13 10.4 0.07 11.8 0.13 11.9 0.52 11.0 0.16 11.9 0.50
Female 10.2 0.14 10.1 0.11 11.4 0.14 10.8 0.15 10.7 0.18 10.9 0.22
Category-wise                        
Financial Sector Employees 10.4 0.73 9.3 1.13 11.0 0.64 10.5 1.00 10.5 0.65 10.7 0.44
Other Employees 10.7 0.18 10.3 0.08 11.8 0.17 11.7 0.54 11.2 0.23 12.0 0.61
Self Employed 11.0 0.20 10.5 0.09 12.0 0.19 12.1 0.75 11.0 0.26 12.3 0.69
Homemaker 10.1 0.17 10.1 0.14 11.3 0.16 10.8 0.15 10.6 0.20 10.8 0.21
Retired Persons 11.5 0.39 11.0 1.00 12.3 0.37 13.7 1.34 10.9 0.50 12.9 1.38
Daily Workers 10.3 0.26 10.0 0.31 11.3 0.27 10.8 0.30 10.4 0.33 10.7 0.26
Other category 10.0 0.25 9.5 0.51 11.1 0.24 10.7 0.27 10.7 0.29 10.8 0.31
Age Group-wise                        
Up to 25 years 9.8 0.19 8.9 0.30 10.8 0.19 10.3 0.15 10.6 0.24 10.7 0.20
25 to 30 years 10.0 0.18 9.9 0.26 11.1 0.19 10.7 0.14 10.7 0.23 10.9 0.29
30 to 35 years 10.5 0.20 10.2 0.14 11.5 0.20 11.2 0.56 11.0 0.23 11.1 0.54
35 to 40 years 10.5 0.19 10.3 0.09 11.6 0.20 11.3 0.45 10.8 0.25 11.0 0.40
40 to 45 years 10.6 0.23 10.3 0.12 11.6 0.22 11.4 0.59 10.9 0.28 11.7 0.76
45 to 50 years 10.7 0.24 10.4 0.09 11.9 0.24 12.0 0.79 11.0 0.31 11.2 0.63
50 to 55 years 11.4 0.26 10.8 0.27 12.3 0.26 13.7 1.22 11.2 0.35 12.7 1.00
55 to 60 years 10.7 0.31 10.4 0.13 11.6 0.30 11.6 0.79 10.1 0.43 10.7 0.41
60 years and above 11.1 0.29 10.6 0.13 12.2 0.29 13.0 0.98 11.1 0.41 12.7 1.36
City-wise                        
Ahmedabad 10.5 0.44 10.4 0.31 12.4 0.43 13.4 1.24 12.5 0.45 14.2 1.22
Bengaluru 10.2 0.35 10.2 0.27 12.2 0.30 13.2 1.33 12.0 0.41 15.2 0.66
Bhopal 9.8 0.79 9.7 1.15 10.7 0.74 10.7 1.51 8.9 0.76 9.1 1.57
Bhubaneswar 10.1 0.69 10.3 0.53 11.2 0.66 11.2 1.01 9.2 0.90 10.4 2.16
Chennai 9.6 0.40 9.6 0.83 10.9 0.37 10.6 0.29 10.8 0.48 11.9 1.22
Delhi 11.1 0.26 10.4 0.12 12.1 0.25 12.5 0.86 11.3 0.31 11.8 1.02
Guwahati 11.6 0.56 11.1 1.37 11.8 0.54 11.5 1.16 11.9 0.72 12.0 2.08
Hyderabad 10.7 0.46 10.4 0.87 11.8 0.42 12.7 1.97 10.8 0.48 12.3 1.70
Jaipur 11.5 0.59 10.8 0.66 11.4 0.67 11.6 1.51 11.8 0.82 14.6 1.45
Kolkata 11.5 0.35 10.8 0.68 12.4 0.35 14.1 1.48 11.3 0.45 12.5 1.36
Lucknow 10.2 0.67 9.1 0.53 10.6 0.59 10.0 0.55 10.5 0.71 10.5 0.89
Mumbai 11.0 0.29 10.4 0.18 11.9 0.28 11.8 0.88 10.4 0.37 11.3 0.63
Nagpur 8.4 0.41 7.5 0.71 10.1 0.43 9.1 0.68 8.9 0.59 8.9 0.77
Patna 9.5 0.50 8.9 0.66 10.2 0.55 9.6 0.49 9.3 0.68 9.2 0.58
Thiruvananthapuram 6.7 0.80 5.3 0.65 8.3 0.84 6.9 0.63 9.3 0.96 8.1 1.24
Chandigarh 11.0 0.47 10.4 0.27 11.0 0.63 10.8 0.85 10.1 0.91 10.4 0.95
Ranchi 7.2 0.48 6.5 0.60 7.9 0.46 7.5 0.43 7.5 0.64 7.6 0.79
Raipur 6.7 0.52 5.6 0.21 8.3 0.71 7.4 0.61 10.4 0.71 10.8 0.70
Note: The table provides estimates and standard errors for quantitative responses.

Table 3: Household Inflation Expectations – Current Perception, Three Months and One Year Ahead Expectations
  Current Perception Three Months ahead Expectation One Year ahead Expectation
Mean Median Mean Median Mean Median
Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE
Jul-20 10.0 0.11 9.9 0.21 10.8 0.11 10.5 0.06 9.8 0.14 10.3 0.08
Jan-21 9.1 0.12 8.2 0.17 10.0 0.12 9.3 0.29 9.7 0.13 10.1 0.15
Mar-21 9.4 0.11 8.7 0.16 10.4 0.11 10.1 0.11 10.0 0.12 10.2 0.09
May-21 10.4 0.09 10.2 0.04 11.4 0.09 10.8 0.07 10.7 0.11 10.9 0.12
Jul-21 10.5 0.11 10.3 0.06 11.7 0.11 11.3 0.42 11.0 0.13 11.5 0.49
Note: The table provides estimates and standard errors for quantitative responses.

Table 4: Households Expecting General Price Movements in Coherence with Movements in Price Expectations of Various Product Groups: Three Months Ahead and One Year Ahead
(Percentage of Respondents)
Survey period ended Food Non-Food Households durables Housing Cost of services
Three Months Ahead
Jul-20 62.8 61.0 49.9 43.6 58.4
Jan-21 63.3 64.3 54.5 55.7 62.8
Mar-21 67.0 65.7 57.4 58.6 65.1
May-21 68.0 65.1 51.8 50.3 60.5
Jul-21 67.6 69.0 58.4 56.9 65.0
One Year Ahead
Jul-20 63.9 64.5 55.2 51.2 65.7
Jan-21 68.4 68.6 60.6 63.0 69.0
Mar-21 69.6 70.1 62.4 65.5 71.6
May-21 68.3 67.1 57.7 57.1 67.2
Jul-21 70.1 71.0 63.3 63.5 71.4
Note: Figures are based on sample observations

Table 5(a): Cross-tabulation of Number of Respondents by Current Inflation Perception and Three Months Ahead Inflation Expectations: Jul-21
Three Months Ahead Inflation Rate (per cent)
Current Inflation Rate (per cent)   <1 1-<2 2-<3 3-<4 4-<5 5-<6 6-<7 7-<8 8-<9 9-<10 10-<11 11-<12 12-<13 13-<14 14-<15 15-<16 >=16 No idea Total
<1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
1-<2 2 15 13 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 38
2-<3 2 8 52 28 23 7 3 6 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 132
3-<4 1 1 7 55 41 35 23 9 4 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 182
4-<5 0 1 3 8 90 64 45 15 10 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 242
5-<6 1 3 9 18 22 339 113 155 87 16 119 1 2 0 2 9 1 0 897
6-<7 0 1 4 2 7 4 121 71 61 15 19 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 309
7-<8 0 0 3 1 3 7 6 116 76 58 52 4 8 1 1 2 2 0 340
8-<9 0 0 0 0 3 3 6 6 182 59 120 16 29 6 4 6 6 0 446
9-<10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 89 56 29 23 6 2 10 4 0 224
10-<11 1 0 2 0 1 35 3 6 10 6 413 56 177 36 24 259 151 0 1180
11-<12 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 13 4 5 6 6 2 0 40
12-<13 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 28 4 13 36 16 0 102
13-<14 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 2 12 8 0 30
14-<15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 3 14 0 23
15-<16 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 7 0 1 3 0 95 159 0 269
>=16 1 1 1 1 0 9 0 0 0 1 36 0 2 1 2 26 1421 4 1506
Total 10 30 95 117 193 507 322 386 435 247 838 121 275 69 62 465 1787 4 5963
Note: Figures are based on sample observations

Table 5(b): Cross-tabulation of Number of Respondents by Current Inflation Perception and One Year Ahead Inflation Expectations: Jul-21
One Year Ahead Inflation Rate (per cent)
Current Inflation Rate (per cent)   <1 1-<2 2-<3 3-<4 4-<5 5-<6 6-<7 7-<8 8-<9 9-<10 10-<11 11-<12 12-<13 13-<14 14-<15 15-<16 >=16 No idea Total
<1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
1-<2 8 7 5 7 2 3 0 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 38
2-<3 29 4 18 15 25 13 9 3 3 1 6 0 2 1 0 0 3 0 132
3-<4 25 1 2 23 16 47 14 10 13 7 12 1 5 2 1 2 0 1 182
4-<5 45 0 0 3 36 43 45 15 22 7 14 0 4 2 1 0 5 0 242
5-<6 118 0 4 5 9 178 69 132 75 33 156 9 20 6 8 55 19 1 897
6-<7 34 0 0 2 3 2 64 46 70 16 41 3 8 3 8 1 7 1 309
7-<8 40 0 1 1 0 2 3 75 47 63 56 10 14 3 10 8 7 0 340
8-<9 46 0 0 0 2 4 2 4 111 47 120 27 26 9 4 22 22 0 446
9-<10 23 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 57 38 27 32 12 7 16 7 1 224
10-<11 147 0 0 0 2 12 4 6 7 7 266 32 133 38 15 208 299 4 1180
11-<12 4 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 6 4 4 3 7 0 40
12-<13 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 18 1 9 32 29 0 102
13-<14 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 8 12 0 30
14-<15 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 15 0 23
15-<16 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 0 0 2 0 55 181 0 269
>=16 231 0 0 1 0 5 0 1 1 0 16 0 4 0 0 18 1224 5 1506
Total 796 12 31 58 96 310 211 293 351 238 736 120 272 87 72 430 1837 13 5963
Note: Figures are based on sample observations

1सर्वेक्षण के परिणाम उत्तरदाताओं के विचारों को दर्शाते हैं, जो जरूरी नहीं कि रिज़र्व बैंक द्वारा मान्यताप्राप्त हों। पिछले सर्वेक्षण चक्र के परिणाम बैंक की वेबसाइट पर जून 04, 2021 को जारी किए गए थे।

2यह सर्वेक्षण भारतीय रिज़र्व बैंक के द्वारा द्विमाही अंतरालों पर संचालित किया जाता है। यह सर्वेक्षण निकट भविष्य में मुद्रास्फीतिकारी दबावों पर उत्तरदाताओं से प्राप्त यथापेक्षित उपयोगी निदेशात्मक जानकारी प्रदान करता है और उनकी स्वयं की खपत प्रवृत्ति को प्रतिबिंबित करता है। अतः इन्हें मुद्रास्फीति पर पारिवारिक इकाइयो की भावनाओं के रूप में माना जाना चाहिए।

3सर्वेक्षण के पिछले चक्रों के लिए यूनिट-स्तर के डेटा, बैंक के भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था पर डेटाबेस (DBIE) पोर्टल पर उपलब्ध हैं (वेबलिंक: https://dbie.rbi.org.in/DBIE/dbie.rbi?site=unitLevelData)।

2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
पुरालेख
Server 214
शीर्ष