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Document - Table 145 : India’s External Debt - US Dollar (end-March) () or PDF - Table 145 : India’s External Debt - US Dollar (end-March) ()
Date : Jul 31, 2026
Table 145 : India’s External Debt - US Dollar (end-March)
(US$ Million)
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
I. Multilateral 39490 39538 42857 48475 50453 51590 53418 52391 54000 54499
A. Government Borrowing 36171 35724 37825 42579 43686 43539 44598 43015 44170 44356
i) Concessional 26859 25080 25711 26992 27221 26443 27173 24679 25005 24117
a) IDA 26497 24757 25380 26637 26853 26071 26770 24294 24595 23705
b) Others 362 323 331 355 368 372 403 385 411 412
ii) Non-concessional 9312 10644 12114 15587 16465 17096 17425 18336 19165 20238
a) IBRD 5660 5878 6397 8774 8897 8912 8876 9117 9244 9335
b) Others 3652 4766 5717 6813 7568 8184 8549 9219 9921 10903
B. Non-government Borrowing 3319 3814 5032 5896 6767 8051 8820 9376 9829 10144
i) Concessional 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ii) Non-concessional 3319 3814 5032 5896 6767 8051 8820 9376 9829 10144
a) Public Sector 2589 2807 3305 3536 3808 4324 4669 5010 5319 4944
IBRD 1173 1395 1893 2057 2177 2355 2394 2502 2554 2558
Others 1416 1412 1412 1479 1631 1969 2275 2508 2765 2386
b) Financial Institutions 587 730 1193 1681 2018 2650 3139 3492 3791 4595
IBRD 148 146 298 425 531 549 635 592 899 1120
Others 439 584 895 1256 1487 2101 2504 2900 2892 3475
c) Private Sector 143 277 534 679 941 1077 1012 874 719 605
IBRD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Others 143 277 534 679 941 1077 1012 874 719 605
II. Bilateral 19708 20610 22593 25712 26884 25158 24727 21726 22448 23214
A. Government Borrowing 14853 14655 15860 17988 17986 16259 16099 14121 15457 16887
i) Concessional 14853 14655 15860 17988 17986 16259 16099 14121 15457 16887
ii) Non-concessional 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B. Non-government Borrowing 4855 5955 6733 7724 8897 8899 8628 7605 6991 6327
i) Concessional 435 641 702 918 1501 1558 1714 1610 1786 1845
a) Public Sector 307 227 248 363 974 1093 1290 1205 1359 1040
b) Financial Institutions 128 414 454 555 527 465 424 405 427 805
c) Private Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ii) Non-concessional 4420 5314 6031 6806 7396 7341 6914 5995 5205 4482
a) Public Sector 2525 2959 3072 3087 2781 2397 2223 1846 1646 1460
b) Financial Institutions 934 846 761 840 762 776 724 531 455 488
c) Private Sector 961 1509 2198 2879 3853 4168 3967 3618 3105 2534
III. International Monetary Fund 1120 1018 6041 6308 6163 5964 6149 5488 5605 5410
IV. Trade Credit 10328 14481 16841 18647 18990 17760 15518 12608 10548 9625
a) Buyers credit 8287 12572 14811 16437 16790 15567 13323 10546 8286 7216
b) Suppliers credit 750 635 651 646 636 779 795 834 918 940
c) Export credit component of bilateral credit 1291 1274 1379 1564 1564 1414 1400 1228 1344 1468
d) Export credit for defence purposes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(Continued)

TABLE 145 : INDIA’S EXTERNAL DEBT - US DOLLAR (End-March) (Contd.)
(US$ Million)
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
V. Commercial Borrowing 62334 62461 70726 100476 120136 140125 149375 180295 180480 172045
a) Commercial bank loans 40159 43169 44832 58643 72946 83555 96946 101492 97585 87492
b) Securitized borrowings (inclu. IDBs and FCCBs) 20668 17918 25075 41100 46686 56274 52149 78426 82533 84195
c) Loans/securitized borrowings, etc., with multilateral/bilateral guarantee and IFC(W) 1507 1374 819 733 504 296 280 377 362 358
d) Self liquidating loans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
VI. Non-resident Deposits 43672 41554 47890 51682 58608 70822 103844 115163 126929 116867
VII. Rupee Debt 2017 1523 1658 1601 1354 1258 1468 1506 1278 1228
a) Defence 1794 1361 1487 1437 1216 1133 1361 1407 1189 1141
b) Civilian 223 162 171 164 138 125 107 99 89 87
VIII. Total Long-term Debt (I to VII) 178669 181185 208606 252901 282587 312677 354500 389177 401287 382888
IX. Short-term Debt 45738 43313 52329 64990 78179 96697 91678 85499 83504 88124
a) Non-resident deposits (up to 1 year maturity) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
b) Trade-related credits 41901 39915 47473 58463 65130 86787 81743 81631 80022 86489
1) Above 180 days 22884 23346 28003 35347 39182 59021 54992 53405 51208 56155
2) Up to 180 days 19017 16569 19470 23116 25948 27766 26751 28226 28814 30333
c) FII investments on government treasury bills and other instruments 651 2065 3357 5424 9395 5455 5605 1167 20 40
d) Investments in treasury bills by foreign central banks and international institutions 155 105 103 50 64 82 95 114 238 243
e) External Debt Liabilities of (i+ii) 3031 1228 1396 1053 3590 4373 4235 2586 3225 1352
i) Central Bank 1115 764 695 155 170 181 148 150 180 243
ii) Commercial Banks 1916 464 701 898 3420 4192 4087 2436 3045 1110
X. Gross External Debt Position 224407 224498 260935 317891 360766 409374 446178 474675 484791 471012
Concessional Debt as % of Total Debt 19.7 18.7 16.8 14.9 13.3 11.1 10.4 8.8 9.0 9.4
Short-term Debt as % of Total Debt 20.4 19.3 20.1 20.4 21.7 23.6 20.5 18.0 17.2 18.7
Debt to GDP Ratio (%) 18.3 20.7 18.5 18.6 21.1 22.4 23.9 23.8 23.4 19.8
Debt Service Ratio (%) 4.8 4.4 5.8 4.4 6.0 5.9 5.9 7.6 8.8 8.3
(Continued)

TABLE 145 : INDIA’S EXTERNAL DEBT - US DOLLAR (End-March) (Contd.)
(US$ Million)
Item 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
I. Multilateral 57249 57419 60023 69904 72848 75111 77926 80560 81061
A. Government Borrowing 46907 46471 48354 57689 60596 63451 66683 69675 70672
i) Concessional 25256 23272 22211 22734 21200 19189 17050 14941 13047
a) IDA 24789 22803 21704 22206 20684 18694 16550 14422 12499
b) Others 467 469 507 527 516 495 500 519 548
ii) Non-concessional 21651 23199 26143 34956 39396 44262 49632 54733 57625
a) IBRD 9496 9756 11058 13650 14944 16507 18799 21189 21580
b) Others 12155 13443 15085 21306 24452 27755 30833 33544 36045
B. Non-government Borrowing 10341 10949 11669 12214 12252 11660 11243 10885 10389
i) Concessional 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ii) Non-concessional 10341 10949 11669 12214 12252 11660 11243 10885 10389
a) Public Sector 5192 5667 6195 6632 6465 6082 5953 6011 4554
IBRD 2608 2706 2877 3013 3051 2929 2972 3185 1846
Others 2583 2961 3317 3619 3414 3153 2981 2826 2708
b) Financial Institutions 4654 4722 4089 4118 4346 4368 4181 3842 4916
IBRD 1142 1226 1150 1085 1121 1058 1002 119 109
Others 3511 3496 2939 3033 3225 3310 3178 3723 4807
c) Private Sector 496 560 1385 1465 1441 1209 1109 1032 919
IBRD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Others 496 560 1385 1465 1441 1209 1109 1032 919
II. Bilateral 25373 26646 28058 31064 32486 34543 35195 39142 41058
A. Government Borrowing 19857 20514 22370 24640 26051 27570 28723 32196 34465
i) Concessional 19857 20514 22370 24640 26051 27570 28723 32196 34465
ii) Non-concessional 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B. Non-government Borrowing 5516 6132 5687 6424 6434 6973 6473 6946 6593
i) Concessional 1998 2523 3309 3449 3224 3366 2922 3143 2878
a) Public Sector 1170 1767 2504 2650 2609 2803 2468 2594 2368
b) Financial Institutions 827 755 805 798 614 563 453 549 510
c) Private Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ii) Non-concessional 3518 3609 2378 2975 3211 3607 3551 3803 3716
a) Public Sector 1311 1417 514 757 860 863 735 820 1087
b) Financial Institutions 389 354 302 771 824 1117 1171 1375 1177
c) Private Sector 1818 1838 1561 1446 1526 1627 1645 1608 1451
III. International Monetary Fund 5784 5523 5430 5638 22876 22261 21910 21987 22445
IV. Trade Credit 9485 7747 6849 6293 3356 2917 2937 3084 2898
a) Buyers credit 6718 4970 3956 3217 2568 2152 1959 1784 1637
b) Suppliers credit 1040 993 947 934 788 765 979 1299 1260
c) Export credit component of bilateral credit 1727 1784 1945 2143 0 0 0 0 0
d) Export credit for defence purposes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(Continued)

TABLE 145 : INDIA’S EXTERNAL DEBT - US DOLLAR (End-March) (Concld.)
(US$ Million)
Item 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
V. Commercial Borrowing 201821 205804 219466 216559 225532 221026 250594 291673 299685
a) Commercial bank loans 84679 94582 109131 101976 104087 106088 116294 140288 156315
b) Securitized borrowings (inclu. IDBs and FCCBs) 116798 110923 110050 114311 121205 114729 134131 151361 143354
c) Loans/securitized borrowings, etc., with multilateral/bilateral guarantee and IFC(W) 344 300 284 272 240 210 169 24 16
d) Self liquidating loans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
VI. Non-resident Deposits 126182 130423 130581 141895 139022 138879 151879 164677 165654
VII. Rupee Debt 1213 1158 1022 975 960 813 852 806 731
a) Defence 1130 1084 958 913 904 765 808 766 697
b) Civilian 83 74 64 62 56 48 44 40 34
VIII. Total Long-term Debt (I to VII) 427105 434719 451428 472327 497079 495549 541294 601929 613531
IX. Short-term Debt 102173 108415 106887 101082 121688 128379 127589 134490 149234
a) Non-resident deposits (up to 1 year maturity) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
b) Trade-related credits 100389 102409 101384 97254 117359 123898 123065 130219 143963
1) Above 180 days 66297 52476 51603 46903 48098 60802 57672 55230 63643
2) Up to 180 days 34091 49934 49781 50351 69261 63095 65392 74989 80320
c) FII investments on government treasury bills and other instruments 89 1735 1733 1697 2101 1998 1402 1157 313
d) Investments in treasury bills by foreign central banks and international institutions 275 263 242 266 256 229 214 194 241
e) External Debt Liabilities of (i+ii) 1420 4008 3529 1865 1972 2254 2909 2921 4718
i) Central Bank 274 221 180 174 76 134 210 45 118
ii) Commercial Banks 1146 3787 3349 1691 1897 2120 2699 2876 4600
X. Gross External Debt Position 529278 543135 558315 573410 618767 623928 668883 736419 762766
Concessional Debt as % of Total Debt 9.1 8.7 8.8 9.0 8.3 8.2 7.4 6.9 6.7
Short-term Debt as % of Total Debt 19.3 20.0 19.1 17.6 19.7 20.6 19.1 18.3 19.6
Debt to GDP Ratio (%) 20.1 19.9 20.9 21.1 19.9 19.1 19.2 19.8 20.8
Debt Service Ratio (%) 7.5 6.4 6.5 8.2 5.2 5.3 6.7 6.6 5.8
Notes : IDBs : India Development Bonds FCCBs : Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds
FC(W) : International Finance Corporation (Washington) FC(B&O) : Foreign Currency (Banks & Others) Deposits
1. Other concessional multilateral government borrowing refers to debt outstanding to Institutions like IFAD, OPEC & EEC (SAC).
2. Multilateral non-concessional government/ public sector/ financial institutions other borrowings refers to debt outstanding against loans from ADB.
3. Securitised commercial borrowings (inclu. IDBs and FCCBs) include net Investment by 100% Fll debt funds, Resurgent India Bonds (RIBs) and India Millennium Deposits (IMDs).
4. Rupee debt refers to debt owed to Russia denominated in rupees and converted at current exchange rates, payable in exports.
5. Civilian’s rupee debt includes supplier’s credit from end-March 1990 onwards.
6. Debt service ratio from the year 1992-93 includes the revised private transfer contra-entry on account of gold and silver imports.
Sources : Ministry of Finance, Government of India and Reserve Bank of India.