Publications

Period	Extent of Coverage
Since August 6, 2005	Scheduled commercial banks, co-operative banks and primary dealers.
October 5, 2002-August 5, 2005	Scheduled commercial banks, co-operative banks, primary dealers, financial institutions, mutual funds and insurance companies.
May 2001 to October 5, 2002	Scheduled commercial banks, primary dealers, financial institutions, mutual funds and insurance companies (i.e., without co-operative banks).
1998-99 to May 5, 2001	Scheduled commercial banks, primary dealers and select Fls.
Up to 1997-98	Select scheduled commercial banks at Mumbai only (Data upto 1997-98 were also published in Volume II of the Report on Currency and Finance).

Effective April 29, 1998, it has been stipulated that the lending rates for credit limits of  Rs. 2 lakh and below should not exceed the prime lending rate. Effective April 19, 2001, PLR has been converted to a benchmark rate for banks rather
than treating it as the minimum rate chargeable to the borrowers. Banks are now allowed to offer loans above Rs.2 lakh at or below PLR rates to exporters and other creditworthy borrowers on the lines of a transparent and objective policy approved by their Board. Following the announcement in the Monetary and Credit Policy in April 2003 and operational guidelines issued by Indian Banks' Association in November 2003, banks switched  over to the new system of benchmark PLR (BPLR) in the year 2004.

vii) IRBI has been reconstituted as Industrial Investment Bank of India Ltd. (IIBI) with effect from March 27, 1997.

viii) Lending rate charged to small-scale industries.

ix) Dividend as percentage of weighted average sale price during the year worked out with weights proportional to the number of units sold at different prices.

x) Redemption yields are based on BSE quotations upto 1994-95 and from 1995-96 onwards, on transactions in the SGL account.

Tables 77 to 79

Data also include amounts mobilised through existing open-ended schemes (sales less purchases). Data do not include amounts mobilised by off-shore funds.

Table 77

1.    All schemes of Bank of India Mutual Fund have been transferred to Principal Mutual Fund.
2.    All schemes of PNB Mutual Fund have been transferred to Principal Mutual Fund.
3.    All schemes of GIC Mutual Fund have been transferred to Canbank Mutual Fund.
4.    All schemes of IDBI Mutual Fund have been transferred to Principal Mutual Fund.

Table 79

1.    Kothari Pioneer was renamed as Pioneer ITI w.e.f. August 6, 2001.
2.    HB Mutual Fund was merged with Taurus Mutual Fund w.e.f. February 25,1999.
3.    ITC Classic Threadneedle has migrated to Zurich India Mutual Fund w.e.f. December 15,1999.
4.    First India Mutual Fund was renamed as Sahara Mutual Fund w.e.f. March 19, 2004.
5.    Zurich India Mutual Fund has migrated to HDFC Mutual Fund w.e.f. June 19, 2003.
6.    ANZ Grindlays Mutual Fund was renamed as Standard Chartered Mutual Fund w.e.f. March 2001.
7.    The IDBI Principal Mutual Fund was renamed as Principal Mutual Fund (Pvt.) Ltd. w.e.f. June 23, 2003.
All schemes of the PNB Mutual Fund were taken over by Principal Mutual Fund w.e.f. April 30, 2005.
8.    All schemes of Alliance Capital Mutual Fund have migrated to Birla Sun Life Mutual Fund w.e.f.  September 2005.
9.    All schemes of Sun F&C Mutual Fund have been transferred to Principal Mutual Fund w.e.f. May 14, 2004.
10. All schemes of IL&FS Mutual Fund have been transferred to UTI Mutual Fund w.e.f.  July 5, 2004.

Table 88

Data on disbursements relate to loans drawn from and debentures subscribed by NABARD, excluding short-term disbursement.
Data relate to the position as at the end of each year on a cumulative basis, suitably adjusted on account of schemes withdrawn/replaced subsequently. NABARD has switched over to the accounting year April-March from the year 1988-89.

Table 91

The data on insured deposits are inclusive of commercial banks, co-operative banks and regional rural banks.
Number of fully protected accounts represent number of accounts with balances not exceeding Rs.10,000 till June 30, 1976, Rs.30,000 till April 30,1993 and Rs.1,00,000 with effect from May 1, 1993. Total amount of insured deposits represent
deposits upto Rs. 30,000 till April 30, 1993 and Rs.1,00,000 with effect from May 1, 1993 Assessable deposits mean the entire amount of deposits including portions which are not provided insurance cover.

Table 92

Following the modification in the terms and conditions of the Credit Guarantee Scheme in April 1995, number of banks participating in this scheme gradually started declining. Since 2003-04, no bank is participating in this scheme. The corporation is, therefore, not operating these schemes now.

Table 95

Data on liabilities and assets of DICGC (General Fund) relate to end-December upto 1989 and from 1989-90 onwards, they refer to the financial year (April-March).

Table 96

Loans and advances to overseas institutions relate to special credit to Bangladesh, overseas buyers' credit and overseas investment finance. Data on other assets are inclusive of cash in hand/transit and balances with banks.
IDBI has switched over to the accounting year as April-March basis from the year 1989. Data relate to General Fund and Development Assistance Fund which were separate till 1991 and merged since 1992. Amount pertaining to ad hoc bonds has been classified under 'Other sources' which also include deposits and foreign currency borrowings. Bonds and debentures include public issue of unsecured bonds.

Table 97

Advance towards capital shows as per the pending amendment to NABARD Act, 1981 for enhancement of capital.

Table 98

Data on other liabilities are inclusive of specific grant from Government of India in terms of agreement with KfW- Germany from December 1973.
Effective March 28, 1997, the Industrial Reconstruction Bank of India (IRBI) is reconstituted as the Industrial Investment Bank of India (IIBI).

Table 99

Data on debentures and bonds are inclusive of Partially Convertible Notes (PCNs).
Data on investments include amounts subscribed as a result of underwriting operations.
Data on Rupee loans include borrowing/loans out of Interest Differential Funds (in terms of KfW loan agreement) and Rupee loans recoverable from borrowers under UK/India Grant 1984.
Data on other assets also include fixed assets.

Table 100

Exim Bank has switched over to the accounting on April-March basis from 1989. Data relate to General Fund and Export Development Fund (EDF)
Previous year's figures have been regrouped wherever necessary.
Data on borrowing from IDBI show balance payable on transfer of export loan/guarantee business.

Table 102

Number of corporations also include Tamil Nadu Industrial Investment Corporation Ltd. Fixed deposits include cash certificates of one corporation.
Figures for the year 2004-05 are available in respect of 17 SFCs.
Figures for the year 2005-06 are available in respect of 12 SFCs.

Table 103

Data on assets and liabilities of IIBI are on July-June basis for 1981 to 1990 and on April-March basis from 1991 onwards.
Effective March 28, 1997, the Industrial Reconstruction Bank of India is reconstituted as the Industrial Investment Bank of India.

Table 104

Bonds and debentures include SLR bonds and unsecured bonds.
For the years 1994 to 1996, deposits represent amounts placed with SIDBI by foreign banks in lieu of shortfall in their advances to priority sector. For the year 1997 and onwards, deposits represent deposits from foreign banks and private sector banks in lieu of shortfall in their advances to priority sector and deposits under SIDBI's fixed deposits scheme.
Borrowings from other sources include (a) consideration payable to IDBI against transfer of outstanding portfolio relating to small scale sector, and (b) foreign currency borrowings.
Other assets include cash in hand/transit and balances with banks.

Table 105

(i) Development Reserve Fund (DRF) started from 1984.
(ii) Dividend Equalisation Reserve Fund started in 1988.
(iii) For other funds data are not available from 1971 to 1974.
(iv) For Government securities/deposits, detailed breakup not available from 1971 to 1977.

Tables 107, 112, 116, 121, 248 to 250

Major deficit indicators presented in these tables are defined as follows : revenue deficit denotes the difference between revenue receipts and revenue expenditure. The conventional deficit (budgetary deficit) is the difference between all receipts and expenditure, both revenue and capital. Since March 1997, conventional deficit is represented as draw down of cash balances. The gross fiscal deficit (GFD) is the excess of total expenditure (including loans net of recovery) over revenue receipts (including external grants) and non-debt capital receipts. Since 1999-2000, GFD excludes States' share in small savings as per the new system of accounting. The net fiscal deficit is the gross fiscal deficit less net lending of the Central Government. Gross primary deficit is defined as GFD minus interest payments. The net primary deficit denotes net fiscal deficit minus net interest payments. Primary revenue balance denotes revenue deficit minus interest payments. The net RBI credit to the Central Government represents the sum of variations in the RBI's holdings of (i) Central Government dated securities, (ii) treasury bills, (iii) Rupee coins, and (iv) loans and advances from RBI to the Centre since April 1, 1997 adjusted for changes in the Centre's cash balances with RBI in the case of Centre. Regarding State Governments, net RBI credit refers to variation in loans and advances given to them by the RBI net of their incremental deposits with the RBI, for the State Governments having accounts with the RBI. The combined deficit indicators have been worked out after netting out the inter-Governmental transactions between Centre and States. Combined GFD is the GFD of Central Government plus GFD of State Governments minus net lending from Central Government to State Governments. Revenue deficit is the difference between revenue receipts and revenue expenditure of the Central and State Governments adjusted for interGovernmental transactions in the revenue account. Combined gross primary deficit is defined as combined GFD minus combined interest payments.

Tables 108 to 110 & 248

The accounting classification of the Central Budget has undergone two major changes since 1970-71, once in 1974-75 and again in 1987-88. Besides, there have been regrouping and reclassification of certain receipts and expenditure items between revenue and capital accounts. These regrouping/reclassifications were in the nature of (i) external grants, which were treated as capital receipts prior to 1991-92, have been reclassified under revenue receipts since then; (ii) prior to 1982-83, capital expenditure was inclusive of discharge of debt (both internal and external debt) and since then, capital expenditures have been shown net of discharge of debt; (iii) beginning 1987-88, the budgetary classification has been changed by regrouping the expenditures into plan and non-plan heads from the classification of developmental and non-developmental heads followed then; (iv) receipts under small savings were shown net of loans to States and UTs against their collections, prior to 1990-91. The 1991-92 Central Government Budget published the back data up to 1982-83 incorporating the above regrouping/ reclassification. Data presented in the Handbook for the period prior to 1982-83 have also been adjusted for these changes to the extent possible to build a consistent and comparable time-series data, while retaining the deficit figures unaltered as given in the Budget documents. Accordingly, the receipts and expenditure figures of the Central Government given in these tables will not tally with the figures published in the respective Budget documents prior to 1991-92.

Table 109

In the Union Budget 1999-00, a National Small Savings Fund (NSSF) has been created in the Public Account of India and all collections/ disbusements under small savings certificates, deposits and public provident fund are made into/out of this Fund. Under the new accounting system, investments from the Fund are being made in Central and State Government securities as per the norms decided from time to time by the Government of India. Therefore, the figures for small savings since 1999-2000 relate to Centre's share in small savings and prior to this period, the figures represent total small saving collections. Since April 1, 2002 the entire net collections under the small saving schemes are transferred to States/Union Territories. Thereafter, the amount represents reinvestment by  NSSF in Central Government securities from redemption proceeds.

Table 111

The expenditure figures given in the table differ from the data given in the Expenditure Budget of the Central Government on account of inclusion of the gross transactions of commercial departments in the revenue account. Regarding classification of budgetary figures into developmental and non-developmental, data from 1974-75 onwards cover expenditure on food subsidy under the head 'agriculture and allied services' under developmental expenditure; in earlier years, data on the expenditure on these items were included under the head 'other expenditure' as part of non-developmental expenditure. The expenditure figures for the years 1986-87 to 1998-99 have been revised in the later Budgets.  As the component-wise details are not available, these revisions have been effected only in the totals. Hence, the individual components of developmental and non-developmental heads will not add up to totals for these years.

Table 112

For the years 1994-95 to 1996-97, GFD receipts include values of bonus shares also. For the years 1999-2000 to 2001-02, small savings and public provident funds are represented by National Small Savings Fund (NSSF) investment in Central Government special securities which form part of Centre's public debt and are included in other borrowings. Reinvestments of redemption proceeds by NSSF in Central Government special securities also from part of Centre’s public debt and are included in other borrowings from 2003-04 onwards.

Tables 116  to 120, 129 & 249

The account figures of 2000-01 include the data of Chhattisgarh and Uttaranchal for the period November 2000 to March 2001 and do not include those of Jharkhand.

Table 117

In terms of the change in the constitutional provision for sharing Central taxes between the Centre and the States, all taxes and duties (except surcharge on taxes and duties and any cess for specific purpose) are distributed between the Union and the States from the year 2000-01 as against the earlier provision for sharing of income tax and union excise duty. As full details of State's share in the Central taxes are not uniformly available in the State Budgets, only aggregate position of the States' share in Central taxes has been presented.

Tables 121, 122  & 124

Figures for Centre and States do not add up to the combined position due to inter-Government adjustments. The data relating to combined receipts and expenditure of Central Government and State Governments are shown net of interGovernmental transactions. The adjustments are thus: (i) revenue receipts of the States and revenue expenditure of the Centre are adjusted for grants from the Centre to the States, (ii) revenue expenditure of the States and revenue receipts of the Centre are net of interest payments to the Centre by the States, (iii) capital receipts of the States and capital disbursements of the Centre are adjusted for loans from the Centre to States, and (iv) capital disbursements of the States and capital receipts of the Centre are net of repayments of loans by the States to the Centre, (v) the tax revenue for 2000-01 onward is net of amount transferred to National Calamity Contingency Fund (NCCF).

Table 123

Centre's gross tax revenue excludes assignments of Union Territories taxes to local bodies up to 1993-94. It includes amounts transferred to National Calamity Fund from 2000-01.

Table 124

Regarding Centre, the expenditure data for the years 1986-87 to 1988-89 have been revised in the later budgets as the component-wise details are not available; these revisions have been effected  in the totals. Hence, the individual components of developmental and non-developmental heads will not add up to totals for these years.

Table 127

With the creation of National Small Savings Fund (NSSF) in April 1999, the outstanding balances under small savings amounting to Rs. 1,80,273 crore were converted into Central Government special securities which formed part of internal debt. Internal debt also includes liabilities on account of Market Stabilisation Scheme (MSS). All investments by NSSF in Central Government’s special secrurities form part of internal debt since 1999-2000. The sharp increase in internal debt and corresponding decline in small savings and provident funds in 1999-2000 is due to this accounting change.

Table 128

(i) Loans and advances from the Central Government also include medium-term loans extended by the Centre to States to clear their overdrafts outstanding with the Reserve Bank of India. These include Rs.1,743 crore in 1982-83, Rs.400 crore in 1983-84 and Rs.1,628 crore in 1985-86.

(ii) Loans from banks and other institutions include cash credit and loans from State Bank of India and other banks, loans from National Rural Credit (Long-Term Operations) Fund of the NABARD, National Co-operative Development Corporation, Life Insurance Corporation of India, Employees State Insurance Corporation, Khadi and Village Industries Commission, etc.

(iii) With the change in the system of accounting with effect from 1999-2000, States' share in small savings collections which was included under loans from the Centre is included under internal debt and shown as special securities issued to National Small Savings Fund (NSSF) as a separate item.

(iv) Total liabilities include Internal Debt (including market borrowings and Loans against Special Securities issued to NSSF), loans and advances from the Centre, small savings, State provident funds, insurance and pension funds, trusts endowments, reserve funds, deposits & advances and contingency funds.

Tables 129 & 251

Domestic liabilites of the Centre include internal debt and other liabilities viz., National Small Savings Fund, State Provident Fund, special deposits and reserve funds and deposits. The liabilities of the Centre and  States will not add up to the combined liabilities on account of netting out of inter-Governmental transactions.
Also see note on Table 128 (iv).

Table 131

(i) All the postal savings schemes do not come under the purview of Wealth Tax Act from the assessment year 1993-94.

(ii) Interest rates on post office savings account and public provident funds are floating, i.e., changes in interest rates would be applicable on cumulative outstanding balance.

(iii) Interest on post office time deposit is compounded quarterly.

(iv) National Savings Scheme 1992 was withdrawn with effect from November 1, 2002.

(v) In addition to the interest, post office monthly income scheme also includes a bonus of 10 per cent  payable on maturity after 6 years. However, the 10 per cent bonus payment is not available to accounts opened on or after February 13, 2006.

(vi) Interest rate on NSC VIII is compounded semi-annually.

(vii) Indira Vikas Patra has been discontinued with effect from July 17, 1999.

(viii) The Deposit Scheme for Retiring Government Employees 1989 & Deposit Scheme for Retiring Employees of Public Sector Companies 1991 have been discontinued with effect from July 9, 2004.

(ix) The Senior Citizens Savings Scheme was introduced from August 2, 2004. The scheme is available at post offices and designated public sector banks. Persons of 60 years of age and above and retired employees of 55 years of age and above but less than 60 years are eligible to open deposits under the scheme. The deposits are subject to a maximum ceiling of Rs.15 lakh (limited to retirement benefits in case of eligible retired employees below 60 years of age) and interest is paid on a quarterly basis.

(x) Section 80C, introduced vide Finance Act, 2005, allows for deduction from income, an amount not exceeding Rs. 1 lakh with respect to sums paid or deposited in the previous year, out of income chargeable to tax, in certain specified schemes.

(xi) Investments under all small saving schemes including Kisan Vikas Patra have been restricted to individuals  only  with effect from May 13, 2005.

Table 132

Data on Public Provident Fund up to 1992-93 relate to State Bank of India transactions only and from 1993-94 onwards they relate to post office transactions only.

Table 133

The statement on Government of India loans also includes (i) 5.5% Banks (Acquisition of Shares) Compensation Bonds, 1999, (ii) 4.5% Jayanti Shipping Company (Acquisition and Transfer) Compensation Bonds, 1981, and (iii) 5.75% Bonds, 1985, (Voluntary Disclosure of Income and Wealth Ordinance, 1975), now (Voluntary Disclosure of Income and Wealth Act, 1976). Special Bearer Bonds issued on February 2, 1981 are not covered.

Tables 134 to 146, 209 & 210

The above tables relating to India's foreign trade are based on the data received from the Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCI&S), Ministry of Commerce, Government of India. Some of the important aspects of coverage and composition of the data presented in these tables are briefly given below; for details, reference may be made to the DGCI&S publications, namely: (i) Monthly Statistics of the Foreign Trade of India, Volume I and II, and (ii) Foreign Trade Statistics of India (Principal Commodities and Countries).

Foreign trade data relate to merchandise trade through all the recognised seaports, airports, land custom stations and inland container depots located all over India. Data on exports, which include re-exports, relate to free on board (f.o.b.) values and imports relate to cost, insurance and freight (c.i.f.) values. Exports and imports are based on the general system of recording, according to which exports relate to Indian merchandise and re-exports relate to foreign merchandise previously imported into India. Imports relate to foreign merchandise, whether intended for home consumption, bonding or re-exportation.
Indian Trade Classification, Revision-2 (ITC-Rev. 2) which was based on Standard International Trade Classification Revision-2 (SITC-Rev. 2), was in vogue from April 1977 to March 1987. A new system of commodity classification known as Indian Trade Classification (based on Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System), in short ITC (HS) has been adopted from April 1987. The ITC (HS) is an extended version of the International Classification System called ';Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System'; evolved by World Customs Organisation previously known as Customs Cooperation Council, Brussels. Due to changes in trade classification of the commodities, as indicated above, time series data on exports and imports relating to certain commodity groups may not be strictly comparable. Moreover, some country and/ or group definitions have also changed over time. Some of these are stated below:

Data for Russia prior to 1993-94 relate to erstwhile USSR with the exception of 1992-93, wherein the data relate to the Commonwealth of Independent States (C.I.S.) representing a group of following fifteen countries, viz., Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.

From the year 1995-96, data in respect of European Union (E.U.) group consist of fifteen countries, viz., Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and U. K. Prior to 1995-96, data reported under E.U. relate to twelve countries, i.e., excluding Austria, Finland and Sweden from the above list.
Current 11 members of the OPEC are Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela. Ecuador and Gabon withdrew from OPEC membership at the end of 1992 and 1994, respectively. Data on OPEC totals, therefore, relate to the 13 countries for the period from 1987-88 to 1992-93, 12 countries for the period 1993-94 to 1994-95 and the 11 countries for the subsequent period.

Data on India's trade with Germany relate to Federal Republic of Germany up till 1989-90 and to unified Germany from 1990-91 onwards.

Trade balance and its components have been defined as:
(i) Trade balance =  Total exports - Total imports.
(ii) Oil trade balance  =  Oil exports - Oil imports.
(iii) Non-oil trade balance   =  Non-oil exports - Non-oil imports.

Tables 136 & 137

Compositions of some of the important commodity/groups used in the tables (131, 132 from 1987-88 onwards) are as follows:
(i) Leather & manufactures include finished leather, leather goods, leather garments, footwear of leather & components and saddlery & harness.
(ii) Engineering goods include ferro-alloys, aluminium other than products, non-ferrous metals, manufactures of metals, machine tools, machinery & instruments, transport equipment, residual engineering items, iron & steel bar/rod, etc., primary & semi-finished iron and steel, electronic goods, computer software in physical form and project goods.
(iii) Chemicals and related products consists of (a) basic chemicals, pharmaceuticals & cosmetics ('drugs, pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals', ‘dyes, intermediates & coal tar chemicals’, ‘organic/inorganic/agro-chemicals', 'cosmetics/toilet preparations', etc. (b) plastic and linoleum products (c) rubber, glass, paints and enamels, etc. (rubber manufactured products except footwear, footwear of rubber/canvas, etc., paints/enamels/varnishes, etc., glass/glassware/ceramics/ refractories, etc.), and  (d) residual chemicals and allied products.
(iv) 'Textile and textiles products' includes : (a) cotton yarn, fabrics, made-ups, etc., (b) natural silk yarn, fabrics made-ups, etc. including silk waste, (c) man-made yarn, fabrics, made-ups, etc., (d) man-made staple fibre, (e) woolen yarn, fabrics, made-ups, etc., (f) readymade garments (RMG) consists of RMG cotton including accessories, RMG silk, RMG man-made fibres, RMG wool, RMG other than textile material (g) jute and jute manufactures consists of jute yarn, jute hessian, floor covering of jute and other jute manufactures (h) coir and coir manufactures, and (i) carpets consist of hand made, mill made and silk carpets.

Tables 142 & 143

In the tables pertaining to direction of trade, country-wise data on exports from the year 2002-03 onwards include exports of petroleum (crude and products). Country-wise breakup of this item is not available for the earlier years and it is included in the others/unspecified group.  In the case of imports, country-wise data from 2000-01 onwards do not include imports of petroleum (crude and products); these are included in the others/unspecified group.

Table 144 to 146

The index number of foreign trade of a country serves as an instrument to indicate the temporal fluctuations in the export/ import of the country in terms of volume and unit price. An index number, in general, may be defined as a measure of average change in a group of related variables over two different situations. The index number of foreign trade have been computed as:

Tables 147 to 152, 164, 211, 212 & 252

(i) PR denotes data being partially revised on availability of additional information, change in compilation procedure, etc. while P denotes preliminary.
(ii) Interest accrued during the year and credited to NRI deposits has been treated as notional outflow under invisible payments and added as reinvestment in NRI deposits under Banking Capital - NRD. This treatment has been effected from 1988-89 onwards.
(iii) The item ';Non-monetary Gold Movement'; has been deleted from invisibles in conformity with the IMF Manual on BoP
(5th edition) from May 1993 onwards; these entries have been included under merchandise or other capital payments depending upon the nature of transaction.
(iv) Since 1990-91, BoP data are presented in a format, in which in the year of imports, the value of defence related imports are recorded under imports (merchandise debit) with credits financing such imports shown under ';Loans (External Commercial Borrowings to India)'; in the capital account. Interest payments on defence debt owed to the General Currency Area (GCA) are recorded under 'Investment Income' debit and principal repayments under debit to ';Loans (External Commercial Borrowings to India)';. In the case of Rupee Payment Area (RPA), interest payment on and principal repayment of debt is clubbed together and shown separately under the item ';Rupee Debt Service'; in  the capital account. This is in line with the recommendations of the High Level Committee on Balance of Payments (Chairman: Dr. C. Rangarajan).
(v) In accordance with the provisions of IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (5th edition), gold purchased from the Government of India by the RBI has been excluded from the BoP statistics. Data for the earlier years have, therefore, been amended by making suitable adjustments in ';Other Capital Receipts'; and ';Foreign Exchange Reserves';. Similarly, the item ';SDR Allocation'; has been deleted from the table.
(vi) In accordance with the recommendations of the  Report of the Technical Group on Reconciling Balance of Payments and DGCI&S Data on Merchandise Trade, data on gold and silver brought in by the Indians returning from abroad have been included under import payments with contra entry under Private Transfer Receipts since 1992-93.
(vii) In accordance with the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (5th edition), 'compensation of employees' has been shown under the head, ';Income'; with effect from 1997-98; earlier, 'compensation of employees' was recorded under the head ';Services - miscellaneous';.
(viii) Since April 1998, the sale and purchase of foreign currency by the Full Fledged Money Changers (FFMC) are included under ';travel'; in services.
(ix) In the table on BoP indicators, the GDP denotes GDP at current market prices.
(x) Exchange Rates : Foreign currency transactions have been converted into rupees at the par/central rates up to June 1972 and on the basis of average of the Bank's spot buying and selling rates for sterling and the monthly averages of cross rates of non-sterling currencies based on London market thereafter. Effective March 1993, conversion is made by crossing average spot buying and selling rate for US Dollar in the forex market and the monthly averages of cross rates of non-dollar currencies based on the London market.
(xi) Foreign direct investment : FDI to and by India up to 1999-2000 comprise mainly equity capital. In line with the international best practices, the coverage of FDI has been expanded since 2000-01 to include, besides equity capital, reinvested earnings (retained earnings of FDI companies) and 'other capital' (inter-corporate debt transactions between related entities). Data on equity capital include equity of unincorporated entities (mainly foreign bank branches in India and Indian bank branches operating abroad) besides equity of incorporated bodies.

Table 155, 156, 157, 158 & 215

With the revision of REER & NEER, the Reserve Bank has been compiling revised 36 - currency REER & NEER series effective 1993. Hence, the old 36 - country  REER & NEER cannot be compared with the revised 36 - currency REER & NEER series given in the tables.

Tables 165, 218 & 222

(i) With effect from April 1, 1999, the conversion of foreign currency assets into US dollar is done at week-end (for weekend figures) and month-end (for month-end figures) New York closing exchange rates. Prior to April 1, 1999, conversion of foreign currency assets into US dollar was done at representative exchange rates released by the IMF.
(ii) Since March 1993, foreign exchange holdings are converted into Rupees at Rupee-US dollar RBI holding rates. (iii) Reserve tranche position (RTP) in IMF has been included in total foreign exchange reserves from April 2, 2004 to match the international best practices. Foreign exchange reserve figures (monthly) have accordingly been revised for 2002-03 and 2003-04 to include RTP position in the IMF.

Table 169

The Reserve Bank maintains currency chests and small coin depots, not only with the State Bank of India (SBI), its Associates and nationalised banks but also with treasuries and sub-treasuries. Currency chests/small coin depots have also been established with scheduled private sector banks, one foreign bank and a state cooperative bank.

Table 172

Definition : Currently, a minimum consumption expenditure, anchored in an average (food) energy adequacy norm of 2400 and 2100 calories per capita per day is used to define State specific poverty lines, separately for rural and urban areas. These poverty lines are then applied on the NSSO’s household consumer expenditure distributions to estimate the proportion and number of poor at the State level. For details please refer to National Human Development Report, 2001, Planning Commission, Government of India.
1.    The State-wise poverty lines are based on the methodology of the Expert Group as adopted by the Planning Commission.
2.    The poverty lines at All India are implicitly derived from All India poverty ratio and NSS consumption expenditure distribution of the year.
3.    For the years 1983-84, 1993-94 and 1999-00: i. Poverty ratio of Assam is used for Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Tripura; ii. Poverty ratio of Tamil Nadu is used for Pondicherry and Andaman & Nicobar Islands; iii. Poverty ratio of Kerala is used for Lakshadweep; poverty ratio of Goa is used for Daman & Diu; iv. Poverty line of Maharashtra and expenditure distribution of Goa is used to estimate poverty ratio of Goa; and v. Urban poverty ratio of Punjab is used for both rural and urban poverty of Chandigarh.
4.    Poverty ratio of Goa is used for Dadra & Nagar Haveli (1983-84).
5.    Poverty line of Maharashtra and expenditure distribution of Dadra & Nagar Haveli is used to estimate poverty ratio of Dadra & Nagar Haveli (1993-94 and 1999-00).
6.    Poverty ratio and poverty line of Himachal Pradesh is used for Jammu & Kashmir for 1993-94 and 1999-00, respectively.
7.    Urban poverty ratio of Rajasthan may be treated as tentative (1999-00).
8.    Poverty line is in Rupees per capita per month; 1 Lakh is equivalent to 1,00,000.

Table 197

(i) New capital issues exclude bonus shares. Data on private placement and offer for sale are also excluded. (ii) Preference shares include cumulative convertible shares.

(iii) Debentures also include bonds issued by certain financial institutions. Partly convertible debentures are included in convertible debentures.