Publications

Document - Table 149 : India’s External Debt - Rupees (end-March) () or PDF - Table 149 : India’s External Debt - Rupees (end-March) ()
Date : Aug 29, 2025
Table 149 : India’s External Debt - Rupees (end-March)
(₹ Crore)
Item 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
I. Multilateral 154053 157901 201425 193436 216672 257088 279310 321560 328148 359490
A. Government Borrowing 141746 144627 181997 170722 190326 222579 235670 268491 269431 294122
i) Concessional 108448 107395 127771 116046 120653 138691 143130 163589 154581 166506
a) IDA 107019 105947 126127 114552 119068 136816 141119 161165 152171 163772
b) Others 1429 1448 1644 1494 1585 1875 2011 2424 2410 2734
ii) Non-concessional 33298 37232 54226 54676 69673 83888 92540 104902 114850 127616
a) IBRD 21864 22631 29948 28874 39218 45328 48239 53433 57107 61553
b) Others 11434 14601 24278 25802 30455 38560 44301 51469 57743 66063
B. Non-government Borrowing 12307 13274 19428 22714 26346 34509 43640 53069 58717 65368
i) Concessional 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ii) Non-concessional 12307 13274 19428 22714 26346 34509 43640 53069 58717 65368
a) Public Sector 9315 10352 14298 14919 15802 19407 23414 28105 31385 35409
IBRD 4550 4690 7105 8544 9193 11092 12749 14412 15674 17005
Others 4765 5662 7193 6375 6609 8315 10664 13693 15711 18404
b) Financial institutions 2414 2350 3721 5385 7511 10290 14370 18881 21859 25190
IBRD 655 593 744 1343 1899 2707 2973 3820 3709 5984
Others 1759 1757 2977 4042 5612 7583 11397 15061 18150 19206
c) Private Sector 578 572 1409 2410 3033 4812 5856 6083 5473 4769
IBRD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Others 578 572 1409 2410 3033 4812 5856 6083 5473 4769
II. Bilateral 70034 78802 104997 101976 114905 137086 136329 148813 136060 149378
A. Government Borrowing 53810 59391 74662 71584 80406 91641 88007 96918 88452 102925
i) Concessional 53810 59391 74662 71584 80406 91641 88007 96918 88452 102925
ii) Non-concessional 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B. Non-government Borrowing 16224 19411 30335 30392 34499 45445 48322 51895 47608 46453
i) Concessional 1727 1737 3262 3169 4101 7648 8435 10318 10080 11892
a) Public Sector 1241 1226 1156 1121 1621 4963 5916 7763 7546 9052
b) Financial institutions 486 511 2106 2048 2480 2685 2519 2555 2534 2840
c) Private Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ii) Non-concessional 14497 17674 27073 27223 30398 37797 39887 41577 37528 34560
a) Public Sector 7420 10097 15076 13845 13789 14200 13010 13374 11561 10938
b) Financial institutions 3828 3735 4311 3436 3754 3886 4206 4361 3323 3029
c) Private Sector 3249 3842 7686 9942 12855 19711 22671 23842 22644 20594
III. International Monetary Fund 4484 4479 5188 27264 28163 31528 32439 36910 34350 37177
IV. Trade Credit 31237 41296 73772 76011 83112 97117 96556 93275 78915 70001
a) Buyers credit 23617 33134 64046 66849 73273 85896 84667 80069 66006 54963
b) Suppliers credit 2941 2998 3234 2937 2847 3252 4236 4779 5217 6088
c) Export credit component of bilateral credit 4679 5164 6492 6225 6992 7969 7653 8427 7692 8950
d) Export credit for defence purposes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(Continued)

TABLE 149 : INDIA’S EXTERNAL DEBT - RUPEES (End-March) (Contd.)
(₹ Crore)
Item 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
V. Commercial Borrowing 180669 249243 318209 319221 448448 614623 762128 897744 1128501 1197176
a) Commercial bank loans 107145 160577 219925 202350 261678 373194 454450 582644 635246 647311
b) Securitized borrowings (inclu. IDBs and FCCBs) 68020 82641 91286 113177 183504 238849 306070 313416 490895 547465
c) Loans/securitized borrowings, etc., with multilateral/bilateral guarantee and IFC(W) 5504 6025 6998 3694 3266 2580 1608 1684 2360 2400
d) Self liquidating loans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
VI. Non-resident Deposits 179786 174623 210118 217062 230812 299840 385202 624101 720997 841956
VII. Rupee Debt 8508 8065 7760 7480 7147 6922 6839 8826 9426 8479
a) Defence 7533 7172 6935 6709 6416 6220 6164 8179 8807 7887
b) Civilian 975 893 825 771 731 702 675 647 619 592
VIII. Total Long-term Debt (I to VII) 628771 714409 921469 942450 1129258 1444205 1698803 2131229 2436397 2663657
IX. Short-term Debt 122631 182881 220656 236188 290149 399962 525931 550985 535144 553906
a) Non-resident Deposits (up to 1 year maturity) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
b) Trade-related credits 113256 167540 203345 214267 261006 333202 472026 491271 510938 530806
1) Above 180 days 52188 91502 118936 126391 157806 200454 321010 330500 334267 339674
2) Up to 180 days 61068 76038 84409 87876 103200 132748 151016 160771 176671 191132
c) FII investments on government treasury bills and other instruments 1732 2603 10522 15153 24214 48066 29671 33686 7307 132
d) Investments in treasury bills by foreign central banks and international institutions 712 620 534 467 225 326 447 572 714 1576
e) External Debt Liabilities of (i+ii) 6931 12118 6255 6301 4704 18368 23787 25456 16186 21392
i) Central Bank 2185 4458 3892 3139 693 871 985 892 939 1197
ii) Commercial Banks 4746 7660 2363 3162 4011 17497 22802 24564 15247 20195
X. Gross External Debt Position 751402 897290 1142125 1178638 1419407 1844167 2224734 2682214 2971542 3217563
Concessional Debt as % of Total Debt 23.0 19.7 18.7 16.8 14.9 13.3 11.1 10.4 8.8 9.0
Short-term Debt as % of Total Debt 16.3 20.4 19.3 20.1 20.4 21.7 23.6 20.5 18.0 17.2
Debt to GDP Ratio (%) 17.7 18.3 20.7 18.5 18.6 21.1 22.4 23.9 23.8 23.4
Debt Service Ratio (%) 4.7 4.8 4.4 5.8 4.4 6.0 5.9 5.9 7.6 8.8
(Continued)

TABLE 149 : INDIA’S EXTERNAL DEBT - RUPEES (End-March) (Contd.)
(₹ Crore)
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
I. Multilateral 354118 371781 395885 449606 508445 553581 617679 649952 690385
A. Government Borrowing 288246 304595 320336 362042 419319 460547 521803 556039 597747
i) Concessional 156726 164002 160421 166300 165241 161129 157806 142175 128182
a) IDA 154050 160970 157188 162506 161408 157206 153736 138007 123730
b) Others 2676 3032 3233 3794 3833 3923 4070 4168 4452
ii) Non-concessional 131519 140593 159915 195742 254077 299418 363996 413865 469564
a) IBRD 60667 61663 67248 82796 99216 113578 135746 156760 181786
b) Others 70852 78930 92667 112946 154862 185840 228251 257104 287778
B. Non-government Borrowing 65872 67186 75549 87564 89126 93034 95876 93912 92638
i) Concessional 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ii) Non-concessional 65872 67186 75549 87564 89126 93034 95876 93912 92638
a) Public Sector 32123 33715 39072 46430 48303 49113 50016 49640 48346
IBRD 16625 16935 18652 21544 21900 23190 24088 24782 24895
Others 15498 16780 20419 24886 26404 25923 25928 24859 23451
b) Financial institutions 29829 30245 32602 30689 30051 32995 35921 34858 35229
IBRD 7276 7418 8449 8609 7885 8518 8702 8359 4623
Others 22553 22826 24152 22080 22167 24478 27219 26499 30606
c) Private Sector 3920 3226 3876 10444 10771 10926 9940 9414 9064
IBRD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Others 3920 3226 3876 10444 10771 10926 9940 9414 9064
II. Bilateral 150808 164788 183742 210194 226034 246839 284061 293582 335847
A. Government Borrowing 109742 128945 141410 167494 179101 197997 226725 239507 276216
i) Concessional 109742 128945 141410 167494 179101 197997 226725 239507 276216
ii) Non-concessional 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B. Non-government Borrowing 41066 35843 42332 42700 46933 48841 57337 54075 59630
i) Concessional 11988 12973 17389 24776 25069 24501 27681 24362 26861
a) Public Sector 6758 7600 12182 18751 19265 19833 23049 20581 23039
b) Financial institutions 5230 5373 5207 6025 5804 4669 4631 3781 3823
c) Private Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ii) Non-concessional 29077 22871 24943 17924 21864 24340 29656 29713 32769
a) Public Sector 9478 8519 9784 3879 5565 6523 7098 5986 6906
b) Financial institutions 3169 2530 2444 2274 5667 6247 9182 9759 11873
c) Private Sector 16430 11822 12715 11771 10632 11570 13375 13968 13989
III. International Monetary Fund 35129 37716 38202 40931 41442 173415 183021 182587 187735
IV. Trade Credit 62426 61676 53542 51530 46085 25438 23980 24779 26696
a) Buyers credit 46790 43699 34377 29825 23645 19465 17693 16306 15250
b) Suppliers credit 6094 6764 6868 7141 6866 5973 6288 8474 11446
c) Export credit component of bilateral credit 9543 11213 12297 14565 15574 0 0 0 0
d) Export credit for defence purposes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(Continued)

TABLE 149 : INDIA’S EXTERNAL DEBT - RUPEES (End-March) (Concld.)
(₹ Crore)
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
V. Commercial Borrowing 1115514 1312723 1423574 1653677 1590938 1710032 1817207 2088095 2495778
a) Commercial bank loans 567286 550788 654234 822697 749568 789056 872222 968459 1200144
b) Securitized borrowings (inclu. IDBs and FCCBs) 545906 759701 767266 828839 839371 919154 943262 1118297 1295494
c) Loans/securitized borrowings, etc., with multilateral/bilateral guarantee and IFC(W) 2323 2234 2074 2140 1998 1822 1723 1338 140
d) Self liquidating loans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
VI. Non-resident Deposits 757751 820737 902152 977309 1027382 1059041 1141818 1266272 1409330
VII. Rupee Debt 7962 7886 8007 7704 7162 7279 6687 7106 6897
a) Defence 7398 7350 7498 7223 6708 6853 6289 6736 6554
b) Civilian 564 536 509 481 453 426 398 370 343
VIII. Total Long-term Debt (I to VII) 2483708 2777308 3005104 3390952 3447487 3775625 4074453 4512373 5152667
IX. Short-term Debt 571387 664575 749924 805779 743002 922484 1055491 1063747 1150962
a) Non-resident Deposits (up to 1 year maturity) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
b) Trade-related credits 560781 652969 708379 764291 714863 889665 1018650 1026037 1114432
1) Above 180 days 364104 431225 362982 389010 344758 364620 499899 480836 472664
2) Up to 180 days 196677 221744 345397 375281 370106 525045 518751 545201 641768
c) FII investments on government treasury bills and other instruments 260 580 12003 13061 12474 15927 16426 11674 9876
d) Investments in treasury bills by foreign central banks and international institutions 1577 1791 1820 1822 1955 1940 1879 1785 1660
e) External Debt Liabilities of (i+ii) 8768 9234 27721 26605 13710 14953 18535 24251 24994
i) Central Bank 1575 1782 1529 1357 1282 574 1102 1747 385
ii) Commercial Banks 7194 7453 26193 25248 12429 14379 17433 22504 24609
X. Gross External Debt Position 3055095 3441883 3755028 4196731 4190490 4698109 5129944 5576120 6303630
Concessional Debt as % of Total Debt 9.4 9.1 8.7 8.8 9.0 8.3 8.2 7.4 6.9
Short-term Debt as % of Total Debt 18.7 19.3 20.0 19.1 17.6 19.7 20.6 19.1 18.3
Debt to GDP Ratio (%) 19.8 20.1 19.9 20.9 21.1 19.9 19.1 18.5 19.1
Debt Service Ratio (%) 8.3 7.5 6.4 6.5 8.2 5.2 5.3 6.7 6.6
Notes : IDBs : India Development Bonds FCCBs : Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds
IFC(W) : International Finance Corporation (Washington) FC(B&O) : Foreign Currency (Banks & Others) Deposits
1. Other concessional multilateral government borrowing refers to debt outstanding to Institutions like IFAD, OPEC & EEC (SAC).
2. Multilateral non-concessional government/ public sector/ financial institutions other borrowings refers to debt outstanding against loans from ADB.
3. Securitised commercial borrowings (inclu. IDBs and FCCBs) include net Investment by 100% Fll debt funds, Resurgent India Bonds (RIBs) and India Millennium Deposits (IMDs).
4. Rupee debt refers to debt owed to Russia denominated in rupees and converted at current exchange rates, payable in exports.
5. Civilian’s rupee debt includes supplier’s credit from end-March 1990 onwards.
6. Debt service ratio from the year 1992-93 includes the revised private transfer contra-entry on account of gold and silver imports.
Sources : Ministry of Finance, Government of India and Reserve Bank of India.