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Document - Table 148 : India’s External Debt - US Dollar (end-March) () or PDF - Table 148 : India’s External Debt - US Dollar (end-March) ()
Date : Aug 29, 2025
Table 148 : India’s External Debt - US Dollar (end-March)
(US$ Million)
Item 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
I. Multilateral 35337 39490 39538 42857 48475 50453 51590 53418 52391 54000
A. Government Borrowing 32514 36171 35724 37825 42579 43686 43539 44598 43015 44170
i) Concessional 24876 26859 25080 25711 26992 27221 26443 27173 24679 25005
a) IDA 24548 26497 24757 25380 26637 26853 26071 26770 24294 24595
b) Others 328 362 323 331 355 368 372 403 385 411
ii) Non-concessional 7638 9312 10644 12114 15587 16465 17096 17425 18336 19165
a) IBRD 5015 5660 5878 6397 8774 8897 8912 8876 9117 9244
b) Others 2623 3652 4766 5717 6813 7568 8184 8549 9219 9921
B. Non-government Borrowing 2823 3319 3814 5032 5896 6767 8051 8820 9376 9829
i) Concessional 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ii) Non-concessional 2823 3319 3814 5032 5896 6767 8051 8820 9376 9829
a) Public Sector 2136 2589 2807 3305 3536 3808 4324 4669 5010 5319
IBRD 1043 1173 1395 1893 2057 2177 2355 2394 2502 2554
Others 1093 1416 1412 1412 1479 1631 1969 2275 2508 2765
b) Financial Institutions 554 587 730 1193 1681 2018 2650 3139 3492 3791
IBRD 150 148 146 298 425 531 549 635 592 899
Others 404 439 584 895 1256 1487 2101 2504 2900 2892
c) Private Sector 133 143 277 534 679 941 1077 1012 874 719
IBRD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Others 133 143 277 534 679 941 1077 1012 874 719
II. Bilateral 16065 19708 20610 22593 25712 26884 25158 24727 21726 22448
A. Government Borrowing 12344 14853 14655 15860 17988 17986 16259 16099 14121 15457
i) Concessional 12344 14853 14655 15860 17988 17986 16259 16099 14121 15457
ii) Non-concessional 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B. Non-government Borrowing 3721 4855 5955 6733 7724 8897 8899 8628 7605 6991
i) Concessional 396 435 641 702 918 1501 1558 1714 1610 1786
a) Public Sector 285 307 227 248 363 974 1093 1290 1205 1359
b) Financial Institutions 111 128 414 454 555 527 465 424 405 427
c) Private Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ii) Non-concessional 3325 4420 5314 6031 6806 7396 7341 6914 5995 5205
a) Public Sector 1702 2525 2959 3072 3087 2781 2397 2223 1846 1646
b) Financial Institutions 878 934 846 761 840 762 776 724 531 455
c) Private Sector 745 961 1509 2198 2879 3853 4168 3967 3618 3105
III. International Monetary Fund 1029 1120 1018 6041 6308 6163 5964 6149 5488 5605
IV. Trade Credit 7165 10328 14481 16841 18647 18990 17760 15518 12608 10548
a) Buyers credit 5417 8287 12572 14811 16437 16790 15567 13323 10546 8286
b) Suppliers credit 675 750 635 651 646 636 779 795 834 918
c) Export credit component of bilateral credit 1073 1291 1274 1379 1564 1564 1414 1400 1228 1344
d) Export credit for defence purposes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(Continued)

TABLE 148 : INDIA’S EXTERNAL DEBT - US DOLLAR (End-March) (Contd.)
(US$ Million)
Item 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
V. Commercial Borrowing 41443 62334 62461 70726 100476 120136 140125 149375 180295 180480
a) Commercial bank loans 24577 40159 43169 44832 58643 72946 83555 96946 101492 97585
b) Securitized borrowings (inclu. IDBs and FCCBs) 15603 20668 17918 25075 41100 46686 56274 52149 78426 82533
c) Loans/securitized borrowings, etc., with multilateral/bilateral guarantee and IFC(W) 1263 1507 1374 819 733 504 296 280 377 362
d) Self liquidating loans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
VI. Non-resident Deposits 41240 43672 41554 47890 51682 58608 70822 103844 115163 126929
VII. Rupee Debt 1951 2017 1523 1658 1601 1354 1258 1468 1506 1278
a) Defence 1728 1794 1361 1487 1437 1216 1133 1361 1407 1189
b) Civilian 223 223 162 171 164 138 125 107 99 89
VIII. Total Long-term Debt (I to VII) 144230 178669 181185 208606 252901 282587 312677 354500 389177 401287
IX. Short-term Debt 28130 45738 43313 52329 64990 78179 96697 91678 85499 83504
a) Non-resident deposits (up to 1 year maturity) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
b) Trade-related credits 25979 41901 39915 47473 58463 65130 86787 81743 81631 80022
1) Above 180 days 11971 22884 23346 28003 35347 39182 59021 54992 53405 51208
2) Up to 180 days 14008 19017 16569 19470 23116 25948 27766 26751 28226 28814
c) FII investments on government treasury bills and other instruments 397 651 2065 3357 5424 9395 5455 5605 1167 20
d) Investments in treasury bills by foreign central banks and international institutions 164 155 105 103 50 64 82 95 114 238
e) External Debt Liabilities of (i+ii) 1590 3031 1228 1396 1053 3590 4373 4235 2586 3225
i) Central Bank 501 1115 764 695 155 170 181 148 150 180
ii) Commercial Banks 1089 1916 464 701 898 3420 4192 4087 2436 3045
X. Gross External Debt Position 172360 224407 224498 260935 317891 360766 409374 446178 474675 484791
Concessional Debt as % of Total Debt 23.0 19.7 18.7 16.8 14.9 13.3 11.1 10.4 8.8 9.0
Short-term Debt as % of Total Debt 16.3 20.4 19.3 20.1 20.4 21.7 23.6 20.5 18.0 17.2
Debt to GDP Ratio (%) 17.7 18.3 20.7 18.5 18.6 21.1 22.4 23.9 23.8 23.4
Debt Service Ratio (%) 4.7 4.8 4.4 5.8 4.4 6.0 5.9 5.9 7.6 8.8
(Continued)

TABLE 148 : INDIA’S EXTERNAL DEBT - US DOLLAR (End-March) (Contd.)
(US$ Million)
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
I. Multilateral 54499 57249 57419 60023 69904 72848 75111 77946 80483
A. Government Borrowing 44356 46907 46471 48354 57689 60596 63451 66683 69675
i) Concessional 24117 25256 23272 22211 22734 21200 19189 17050 14941
a) IDA 23705 24789 22803 21704 22206 20684 18694 16550 14422
b) Others 412 467 469 507 527 516 495 500 519
ii) Non-concessional 20238 21651 23199 26143 34956 39396 44262 49632 54734
a) IBRD 9335 9496 9756 11058 13650 14944 16507 18799 21189
b) Others 10903 12155 13443 15085 21306 24452 27755 30833 33544
B. Non-government Borrowing 10144 10341 10949 11669 12214 12252 11660 11263 10809
i) Concessional 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ii) Non-concessional 10144 10341 10949 11669 12214 12252 11660 11263 10809
a) Public Sector 4944 5192 5667 6195 6632 6465 6082 5953 5638
IBRD 2558 2608 2706 2877 3013 3051 2929 2972 2902
Others 2386 2583 2961 3317 3619 3414 3153 2981 2736
b) Financial Institutions 4595 4654 4722 4089 4118 4346 4368 4181 4112
IBRD 1120 1142 1226 1150 1085 1121 1058 1002 539
Others 3475 3511 3496 2939 3033 3225 3310 3178 3573
c) Private Sector 605 496 560 1385 1465 1441 1209 1129 1059
IBRD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Others 605 496 560 1385 1465 1441 1209 1129 1059
II. Bilateral 23214 25373 26646 28058 31064 32486 34543 35208 39156
A. Government Borrowing 16887 19857 20514 22370 24640 26051 27570 28723 32196
i) Concessional 16887 19857 20514 22370 24640 26051 27570 28723 32196
ii) Non-concessional 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B. Non-government Borrowing 6327 5516 6132 5687 6424 6434 6973 6485 6960
i) Concessional 1845 1998 2523 3309 3449 3224 3366 2922 3131
a) Public Sector 1040 1170 1767 2504 2650 2609 2803 2468 2685
b) Financial Institutions 805 827 755 805 798 614 563 453 446
c) Private Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ii) Non-concessional 4482 3518 3609 2378 2975 3211 3607 3564 3829
a) Public Sector 1460 1311 1417 514 757 860 863 718 807
b) Financial Institutions 488 389 354 302 771 824 1117 1171 1387
c) Private Sector 2534 1818 1838 1561 1446 1526 1627 1675 1635
III. International Monetary Fund 5410 5784 5523 5430 5638 22876 22261 21910 21987
IV. Trade Credit 9625 9485 7747 6849 6293 3356 2917 2972 3119
a) Buyers credit 7216 6718 4970 3956 3217 2568 2152 1956 1782
b) Suppliers credit 940 1040 993 947 934 788 765 1016 1337
c) Export credit component of bilateral credit 1468 1727 1784 1945 2143 0 0 0 0
d) Export credit for defence purposes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(Continued)

TABLE 148 : INDIA’S EXTERNAL DEBT - US DOLLAR (End-March) (Concld.)
(US$ Million)
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
V. Commercial Borrowing 172045 201821 205804 219466 216559 225532 221026 250449 291626
a) Commercial bank loans 87492 84679 94582 109131 101976 104087 106088 116159 140234
b) Securitized borrowings (inclu. IDBs and FCCBs) 84195 116798 110923 110050 114311 121205 114729 134130 151376
c) Loans/securitized borrowings, etc., with multilateral/bilateral guarantee and IFC(W) 358 344 300 284 272 240 210 161 16
d) Self liquidating loans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
VI. Non-resident Deposits 116867 126182 130423 130581 141895 139022 138879 151879 164677
VII. Rupee Debt 1228 1213 1158 1022 975 960 813 852 806
a) Defence 1141 1130 1084 958 913 904 765 808 766
b) Civilian 87 83 74 64 62 56 48 44 40
VIII. Total Long-term Debt (I to VII) 382888 427105 434719 451428 472327 497079 495549 541216 601855
IX. Short-term Debt 88124 102173 108415 106887 101082 121688 128379 127588 134487
a) Non-resident deposits (up to 1 year maturity) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
b) Trade-related credits 86489 100389 102409 101384 97254 117359 123898 123065 130219
1) Above 180 days 56155 66297 52476 51603 46903 48098 60802 57672 55230
2) Up to 180 days 30333 34091 49934 49781 50351 69261 63095 65392 74989
c) FII investments on government treasury bills and other instruments 40 89 1735 1733 1697 2101 1998 1400 1154
d) Investments in treasury bills by foreign central banks and international institutions 243 275 263 242 266 256 229 214 194
e) External Debt Liabilities of (i+ii) 1352 1420 4008 3529 1865 1972 2254 2909 2921
i) Central Bank 243 274 221 180 174 76 134 210 45
ii) Commercial Banks 1110 1146 3787 3349 1691 1897 2120 2699 2876
X. Gross External Debt Position 471012 529278 543135 558315 573410 618767 623928 668804 736343
Concessional Debt as % of Total Debt 9.4 9.1 8.7 8.8 9.0 8.3 8.2 7.4 6.9
Short-term Debt as % of Total Debt 18.7 19.3 20.0 19.1 17.6 19.7 20.6 19.1 18.3
Debt to GDP Ratio (%) 19.8 20.1 19.9 20.9 21.1 19.9 19.1 18.5 19.1
Debt Service Ratio (%) 8.3 7.5 6.4 6.5 8.2 5.2 5.3 6.7 6.6
Notes : IDBs : India Development Bonds FCCBs : Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds
FC(W) : International Finance Corporation (Washington) FC(B&O) : Foreign Currency (Banks & Others) Deposits
1. Other concessional multilateral government borrowing refers to debt outstanding to Institutions like IFAD, OPEC & EEC (SAC).
2. Multilateral non-concessional government/ public sector/ financial institutions other borrowings refers to debt outstanding against loans from ADB.
3. Securitised commercial borrowings (inclu. IDBs and FCCBs) include net Investment by 100% Fll debt funds, Resurgent India Bonds (RIBs) and India Millennium Deposits (IMDs).
4. Rupee debt refers to debt owed to Russia denominated in rupees and converted at current exchange rates, payable in exports.
5. Civilian’s rupee debt includes supplier’s credit from end-March 1990 onwards.
6. Debt service ratio from the year 1992-93 includes the revised private transfer contra-entry on account of gold and silver imports.
Sources : Ministry of Finance, Government of India and Reserve Bank of India.