RBI Bulletin

1. Annual data are averages of the months.
2. Figures relate to last Friday of the month / year.
3. Total of Rupee Securities held in Issue and Banking Departments.
4. Relates to loans and advances only.
5. Figures relate to the last Friday / last reporting Friday (in case of March).
6. Total for Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata and New Delhi only.
7. Figures relate to last reporting Friday / March 31.
8. Rates presented as low / high for the period indicated. The source of data prior to April 2000 issue of the Bulletin has been DFHI. The data from April 2000 issue of the Bulletin is not strictly comparable with that pertaining to earlier periods due to wider coverage of Call Market business.
9. Relating to major banks.
10. Relating to five major banks. PLR concept was introduced with effect from October 1994.
11. Relates to maturity of 46 days to 1 year.
12. Relates to maturity of 15 days and above.
13. Monthly data are averages of the weeks and annual data are averages of the months.
14. Figures relate to the end of the month / year.
15. Data relate to January – December.
16. Cash Reserve Ratio of Scheduled Commercial Banks (excluding Regional Rural Banks).

The gold reserves of Issue Department were valued at Rs.84.39 per 10 grams up to October 16, 1990 and from October 17, 1990 they are valued close to international market prices.

1. Includes Government of India one rupee notes issued from July 1940.
2. Includes (i) Paid-up Capital of Rs.5 crore (ii) Reserve Fund of Rs.6,500 crore (iii) National Industrial Credit (Long-Term Operations) Fund of Rs.12 crore and (iv) National Housing Credit (Long-Term Operations) Fund of Rs.186 crore from the week ended July 4, 2003.
3. Includes cash, short-term securities and fixed deposits.
4. Includes temporary overdrafts to State Governments.
5. Figures in bracket indicate the value of gold held under other assets.

The expression ‘Banking System’ or ‘Banks’ means (a) State Bank of India and its associates (b) Nationalised Banks (c) Banking companies as defined in clause ‘C’ of Section 5 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (d) Co-operative banks (as far as scheduled co-operative banks are concerned) (e) Regional Rural Banks and (f) any other financial institution notified by the Central Government in this behalf.

1. Excludes borrowings of any scheduled state co-operative bank from the State Government and any Reserve Fund deposit required to be maintained with such bank by any co-operative society within the area of operation of such bank.
2. Deposits of co-operative banks with scheduled state co-operative banks are excluded from this item but are included under ‘Aggregate deposits’.
3. Excludes borrowings of regional rural banks from their sponsor banks.
4. Wherever it has not been possible to provide the data against the item ‘Other demand and time liabilities’ under ‘Liabilities to the Banking System’ separately, the same has been included in the item ‘Other demand and time liabilities’ under ‘Liabilities to others’.
5. Includes Rs.25,662 crore on account of proceeds from India Millennium Deposits (IMDs), since November 17, 2000. Data also reflect redemption of Resurgent India Bonds (RIBs) of Rs.22,693 crore, since October 1, 2003.
6. Other than from the Reserve Bank of India, Industrial Development Bank of India, NABARD and Export-Import Bank of India.
7. Figures relating to scheduled banks’ borrowings in India are those shown in the statement of affairs of the Reserve Bank of India. Borrowings against usance bills and/or promissory notes are under section 17(4) of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.
8. Includes borrowings by scheduled state co-operative banks under Section 17(4AA) of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.
9. As per the Statement of Affairs of the Reserve Bank of India.
10. Advances granted by scheduled state co-operative banks to co-operative banks are excluded from this item but included under ‘Loans, cash-credits and overdrafts’.
11. At book value; it includes treasury bills and treasury receipts, treasury savings certificates and postal obligations.
12. Includes participation certificates (PCs) issued by scheduled commercial banks to other banks and financial institutions.
13. Includes participation certificates (PCs) issued by scheduled commercial banks to others.
14. Figures in brackets relate to advances of scheduled commercial banks for financing food procurement operations.

1. Total of demand and time deposits from ‘Others’.
2. Includes borrowings from the Industrial Development Bank of India and National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development.
3. At book value; includes treasury bills and treasury receipts, treasury savings certificates and postal obligations.
4. Total of ‘Loans, cash credits and overdrafts’ and ‘Bills purchased and discounted’.
5. Includes advances of scheduled state co-operative banks to central co-operative banks and primary co-operative banks.

1. With a view to enabling the banks to meet any unanticipated additional demand for liquidity in the context of the century date change, a ‘Special Liquidity Support’ (SLS) facility was made available to all scheduled commercial banks (excluding RRBs) for a temporary period from December 1, 1999 to January 31, 2000.
2. With effect from April 13,1996, banks are provided export credit refinance against their rupee export credit and post-shipment export credit denominated in U.S. Dollars taken together.
3. General Refinance Facility was replaced by Collateralised Lending Facility (CLF)/Additional Collateralised Facility (ACLF) effective April 21, 1999. ACLF was withdrawn with the introduction of Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF), effective June 5, 2000. CLF was withdrawn completely effective October 5, 2002.
4. Special Liquidity Support Facility which was introduced effective September 17, 1998 was available upto March 31, 1999.
5. For period upto 1995-96, Total Refinance includes dollar-denominated refinance under export credit refinance and government securities refinance. Post-shipment credit denominated in US dollars (PSCFC) scheme was withdrawn effective February 8, 1996 and the refinance facility thereagainst was withdrawn effective April 13, 1996. The scheme of government securities refinance was terminated effective July 6, 1996.

The data include inter-bank and high value clearing in respect of Mumbai, Kolkata, New Delhi (inter-bank data included since November 2001) and Chennai, inter-bank clearing for Hyderabad from 1991-92 onwards and for Bangalore and Ahmedabad from 1993-94 onwards. High value clearing started at Kanpur effective January 1, 1997 and high value clearing and MICR clearing has been introduced in Nagpur Bankers’ Clearing House effective March 2, 1998 and April 16, 1998 respectively. Besides the above, since January 2002, high value and inter-bank figures are included in the data for Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Kanpur, Nagpur and Thiruvanthapuram but for Jaipur only high value has been included.

1. For details of money stock measures according to the revised series, reference may be made to January 1977 issue of this Bulletin (pages 70-134).
2. Banks include commercial and co-operative banks.
3. Financial year data relate to March 31, except scheduled commercial banks’ data which relate to the last reporting Friday of March. For details, see the note on page S 963 of October 1991 issue of this Bulletin.
4. The data for 1994-95 are not strictly comparable with those for other years, as the data for 1994-95 include scheduled commercial banks data for 27 fortnights while for other years, they include 26 fortnights.
5. Data are provisional from January 1996 onwards.

1. Net of return of about Rs.43 crore of Indian notes from Pakistan upto April 1985.
2. Estimated : ten-rupee commemorative coins issued since October 1969, two-rupee coins issued since November 1982 and five-rupee coins issued since November 1985 are included under rupee coins.
3. Exclude balances held in IMF Account No.1, Reserve Bank of India Employees’ Provident Fund, Pension Fund, Gratuity and Superannuation Fund and Co-operative Guarantee Fund, the amount collected under the Additional Emoluments (Compulsory Deposit) Act, 1974 and the Compulsory Deposit Scheme (Income-Tax Payers’) Act.
4. Scheduled commercial banks’ time deposits include Rs.17,945 crore on account of proceeds arising from Resurgent India Bonds (RIBs), since August 28,1998 and Rs.25,662 crore on account of proceeds from India Millennium Deposits (IMDs), since November 17, 2000.

(f) Revised in line with the new accounting standards and consistant with the Methodology of Compilation (June 1998). The revision is in respect of pension and provident funds with commercial banks which are classified as other demand and time liabilities and includes those banks which have reported such changes so far.

1. On the establishment of National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), on July 12, 1982, certain assets and liabilities of the Reserve Bank were transferred to NABARD, necessitating some reclassification of aggregates in the sources of money stock from that date.
2. Please see item (c) of notes to Table 10.
3. Data are provisional from January 1996 onwards.
4. Data for 1996-97 relate to after closure of Government accounts.
1. Includes special securities and also includes Rs.751.64 crore (equivalent of SDRs 211.95 million) incurred on account of Reserve Assets subscription to the IMF towards the quota increase effective December 11, 1992.
2. Represents investments in bonds/shares of financial institutions, loans to them and holdings of internal bills purchased and discounted. Excludes since the establishment of NABARD, its refinance to banks.
3. Inclusive of appreciation in the value of gold following its revaluation close to international market price effective October 17, 1990. Such appreciation has a corresponding effect on Reserve Bank’s net non-monetary liabilities.

The conceptual basis of the compilation of the Commercial Bank Survey are available in the report of the Working Group on Money Supply: Analytics and Methodology of Compilation (Chairman: Dr. Y.V. Reddy), RBI Bulletin, July 1998, which recommended changes in the reporting system of commercial banks and the article entitled "New Monetary Aggregates: An Introduction", RBI Bulletin, October 1999.

1. Time Deposits of Residents : These do not reckon non-residents’ foreign currency repatriable fixed deposits (such as FCNR(B) deposits, Resurgent India Bonds (RIBs) and India Millennium Deposits (IMDs)) based on the residency criterion and excludes banks’ pension and provident funds because they are in the nature of other liabilities and are included under ‘other demand and time liabilities’.
2. Short-term Time Deposits : Refers to contractual maturity of time deposits of up to and including one year. This is presently estimated at 45.0 per cent of total domestic time deposits.
3. Domestic Credit : It includes investments of banks in non-SLR securities, comprising commercial paper, shares and bonds issued by the public sector undertakings, private sector and public financial institutions and net lending to primary dealers in the call/term money market, apart from investment in government and other approved securities and conventional bank credit (by way of loans, cash credit, overdrafts and bills purchased and discounted).
4. Net Foreign Currency Assets of Commercial Banks : Represent their gross foreign currency assets netted for foreign currency liabilities to non-residents.
5. Capital Account : It consists of paid-up capital and reserves.
6. Other Items (net) : It is the residual balancing the components and sources of the Commercial Banking Survey and includes scheduled commercial banks’ other demand and time liabilities, net branch adjustments, net inter-bank liabilities etc.

The conceptual basis of the compilation of new monetary aggregates are available in the report of the Working Group on Money Supply: Analytics and Methodology of Compilation (Chairman: Dr. Y.V. Reddy), RBI Bulletin, July 1998. A link series between the old and present monetary series has been published in the article entitled "New Monetary Aggregates: An Introduction", RBI Bulletin, October 1999.

1. NM₂ and NM₃ : Based on the residency concept and hence does not directly reckon non-resident foreign currency repatriable fixed deposits in the form of FCNR(B) deposits, Resurgent India Bonds (RIBs) and India Millennium Deposits (IMDs).
2. NM₂ : This includes M₁ and residents’ short-term time deposits (including and up to the contractual maturity of one year) with commercial banks.
3. Domestic Credit : Consistent with the new definition of bank credit which includes investments of banks in non-SLR securities, comprising of commercial paper, shares and bonds issued by the public sector undertakings, private sector and public financial institutions and net lending to primary dealers in the call/term money market. The RBI’s loans and advances to NABARD would be included in the RBI credit to commercial sector. Other components such as credit to Government, investments in other approved securities and conventional bank credit remain unchanged.
4. Net Foreign Assets of The Banking Sector : It comprise the RBI’s net foreign assets and scheduled commercial banks’ net foreign currency assets (refer to note 4 of Table 11A).
5. Capital Account : It consists of paid-up capital and reserves.
6. Other Items (net) of the Banking System : It is the residual balancing the components and sources of money stock, representing other demand and time liabilities etc. of the banking system.

The conceptual basis of the compilation of the Reserve Bank Survey is given in the report of the Working Group on Money Supply: Analytics and Methodology of Compilation (Chairman: Dr. Y.V. Reddy), RBI Bulletin, July 1998 and the article entitled "New Monetary Aggregates: An Introduction", RBI Bulletin, October 1999. The components of reserve money (to be referred as M0) remain unchanged. On the sources side, the RBI’s refinance to the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), which was hitherto part of RBI’s claims on banks has been classified as part of RBI credit to commercial sector. The Reserve Bank’s net non-monetary liabilities are classified into capital account (comprising capital and reserves) and other items (net).

Please see item (c) of notes to Table 10.

(a) Month-end yields for different integer valued residual maturities are estimated using interpolation technique on weighted average yields of select indicative securities derived from SGL transactions data on government securities observed during a select month-end day. Yield corresponding to each transaction in a security is calculated from the following Yield to Maturity (YTM) and price relationship.

Where,

P = price of the bond

bpi = broken period interest

c = annual coupon payment

y = yield to maturity

v = number of coupon payments in a year

n = number of coupon payments till maturity

F = Redemption payment of the bond

t₁= time period in year till i^th coupon payment

(b) The weighted average yield corresponding to each traded security on that particular day is calculated from the yields of all transactions on that security using amount (Face Value) traded as the weights.

(c) Broken period (number of days) is based on day count convention of 30 days a month and 360 days a year.

Table 29 contains data on manufacturing sector at two digit level of 17 groups along with general index and sectoral indices, viz., Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing and Electricity. Table 30 presents Index Numbers of Industrial Production (Use-Based Classification). Due to revision of the indices of the mining sector and also the deletion of four items, viz., radio receivers, photosensitised paper, chassis (assembly) for HCVs (bus, truck) and engines from the item–basket of the manufacturing sector, the IIP data have been revised from 1994-95 onwards. This has also resulted in the change in redistribution of weights in use-based classification of IIP.

1. Figures exclude data on private placement and offer for sale but include amounts raised by private financial institutions.
2. Equity shares exclude bonus shares.
3. Preference shares include cumulative convertible preference shares and equi-preference shares. (d) Debentures include bonds.
4. Convertible debentures include partly convertible debentures.
5. Non-convertible debentures include secured premium notes and secured deep discount bonds.
6. Figures in brackets indicate data in respect of premium on capital issues which are included in respective totals.

The ban on forward trading in gold and silver, effective November 14, 1962 and January 10, 1963, respectively, still continues to operate.

1. In case Friday is a holiday, prices relate to the preceding working day.

Annual data relate to average of the months April to March.

1. The new series of index numbers with base 1982=100 was introduced from October 1988 and with that the compilation of the index numbers with the base year 1960 was discontinued. The linking factor can be used to work out the index numbers with the base year 1960 for October 1988 and subsequent months. Details of the new series were published in May 1989 issue of the Bulletin.
2. Based on indices relating to 70 centres.

Annual data relate to average of the months April to March. The new series of index numbers with base 1984-85=100 was introduced from November 1987.

(1) Based on indices relating to 59 centres.

Annual data relate to the average of the months July to June.

1. With respect to base: July 1960-June 1961=100.
2. The new series of index numbers with base : July 1986 to June 1987 = 100 was introduced from November 1995 and with that the compilation of index numbers with base : July 1960 to June 1961 was discontinued. The linking factor given in this column can be used to work out the index numbers with old base (i.e., 1960-61 = 100) for November 1995 and subsequent months.
3. In the case of Assam, the old series (i.e., with base 1960-61 = 100) was being compiled for the composite region viz. Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura while the index of the new series (i.e., with base 1986-87 = 100) has been compiled for each of the constituent States separately. The index for Assam region on old base can be estimated from the corresponding indices of the new series as under :



represent the index numbers for old and new series, respectively, and superscripts A, Ma, Me and T indicate Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura, respectively.

4. Similarly, in the case of Punjab, where the old series (i.e., with base 1960-61 = 100) was being compiled for the composite region, viz., Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh, the index for the Punjab region on old base can be estimated as under :

where and represent the index numbers for old and new series, respectively, and superscripts P, Ha and Hi indicate

Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh, respectively.

(5) Indices for the State compiled for the first time from November, 1995.

(6) Consumer Price Index for Rural Labourers (including agricultural labourers) are compiled from November 1995 only. (7) Average of 8 months (November 1995 - June 1996).

The new series of index numbers with base 1993-94=100 was introduced in April 2000. Details regarding the scope and coverage of new series are published in June 2000 issue of the Bulletin.

(a) The foreign trade data relate to total sea, air and land trade, on private and Government accounts. Direct transit trade, transhipment trade, ships’ stores and passengers’ baggage are excluded. Data include silver (other than current coins), notes and coins withdrawn from circulation or not yet issued, indirect transit trade and trade by parcel post. Exports include re-exports. Imports include dutiable articles by letter post and exclude certain consignments of foodgrains and stores on Government account awaiting adjustment, diplomatic goods and defence stores. Imports and exports are based on general system of recording. Imports are on c.i.f. basis and exports are on f.o.b. basis inclusive of export duty.

(b) In the case of data in rupee terms, monthly figures may not add up to the annual total due to rounding off. (c) Monthly data in US dollar and SDR terms may not add up to the annual total due to the exchange rate factor.

(1) Data up to 1980-81 are final, subsequent data are preliminary actuals.

(2) Interest accrued during the year and credited to NRI deposits has been treated as notional outflow under invisible payments and added as reinvestment in NRI deposits under Banking Capital – NRD.

(3) The item "Non-monetary Gold Movement" has been deleted from Invisibles in conformity with the IMF Manual on BOP (4^th edition) from May 1993 onwards; these entries have been included under merchandise.

(4) Since 1990-91 the value of defence related imports are recorded under imports (merchandise debit) with credits financing such imports shown under "Loans (External commercial Borrowings to India)" in the capital account. Interest payments on defence debt owed to the General Currency Area (GCA)are recorded under Investment Income debit and principal repayments under debit to "Loans (External commercial Borrowings to India)". In the case of the Rupee payment Area (RPA), interest payment on and principal repayment of debt is clubbed together and shown separately under the item "Rupee Debt Service" in the capital account. This is in line with the recommendations of the High Level Committee on Balance of Payments (Chairman : Dr. C. Rangarajan).

(5) In accordance with the provisions of IMF’s Balance of Payments Manual (5^th Edition), gold purchased from the Government of India by the RBI has been excluded from the BOP statistics. Data from the earlier years have, therefore, been amended by making suitable adjustments in "Other Capital Receipts" and "Foreign Exchange Reserves". Similarly, item "SDR Allocation" has been deleted from the table.

(6) In accordance with the recommendations of Report of the Technical Group on reconciling of Balance of Payments and DGCI & S Data on Merchandise Trade, data on gold and silver brought in by the Indians returning from abroad have been included under imports payments with contra entry under Private Transfer Receipts since 1992-93.

(7) In accordance with the IMF’s Balance of Payments Manual (5^th edition), ‘compensation of employees’ has been shown under head, "income" with effect from 1997-98; earlier, ‘compensation of employees’ was recorded under the head "Services –miscellaneous".

(8) Since April 1998, the sales and purchases of foreign currency by the Full Fledged Money Changers (FFMC) are included under " travel" in services.

(9) Exchange Rates : Foreign currency transactions have been converted into rupees at the par/central rates up to June 1972 and on the basis of average of the Bank’s spot buying and selling rates for sterling and the monthly averages of cross rates of non-sterling currencies based on London market thereafter. Effective March 1993, conversion is made by crossing average spot buying and selling rate for US dollar in the forex market and the monthly averages of cross rates of non-dollar currencies based on the London market.

Balance of payments is a statistical statement that systematically summarises, for a specific time period, the economic transactions of an economy with the rest of the world.

Merchandise credit relate to export of goods while merchandise debit represent import of goods.

Travel covers expenditure incurred by non-resident travellers during their stay in the country and expenditure incurred by resident travellers abroad.

Transportation covers receipts and payments on account of international transportation services.

Insurance comprises receipts and payments relating to all types of insurance services as well as reinsurance.

Government not included elsewhere (G.n.i.e) relates to receipts and payments on government account not included elsewhere as well as receipts and payments on account of maintenance of embassies and diplomatic missions and offices of international institutions. Miscellaneous covers receipts and payments in respect of all other services such as communication services, construction services, software services, technical know-how, royalties etc.

Transfer payments represent receipts and payments without a quid pro quo.

Foreign direct investments in India include direct investment by non-residents and disinvestments of equity capital. Portfolio investment relates to purchase and sale of equity and debt securities usually traded in financial market. Major components of such investment include FIIs’ investment, funds raised through GDRs/ADRs by Indian companies and through offshore funds. Investment abroad denotes investment abroad by Indians in joint ventures and wholly owned subsidiaries abroad.

External assistance by India denotes aid extended by India to other foreign Governments under various agreements and repayment of such loans. External Assistance to India denotes multilateral and bilateral loans received under the agreements between Government of India and other Governments/International institutions and repayments of such loans by India, except loan repayment to erstwhile "Rupee area" countries that are covered under the Rupee Debt Service.

Commercial borrowings covers all medium/long term loans. Commercial Borrowings by India denote loans extended by the Export Import Bank of India (EXIM bank) to various countries and repayment of such loans. Commercial Borrowings to India denote drawals/repayment of loans including buyers credit, suppliers credit, floating rate notes (FRNs), commercial paper (CP), bonds, foreign currency convertible bonds (FCCBs) issued abroad by the Indian corporate etc. It also includes India Development Bonds (IDBs), Resurgent India Bonds (RIBs), India Millennium Deposits (IMDs).

Short term loans denotes drawals in respect of loans, utilized and repayments with a maturity of less than one year.

Banking capital Assets and Liabilities represent changes in the foreign assets and liabilities of ‘authorized dealers’ (ADs). ADs foreign assets consist of (a) foreign currency holdings and (b) rupee overdrafts to non-resident banks. Their foreign liabilities consist of (a) foreign currency liabilities, and (b) rupee liabilities to non-resident banks and official and semi-official institutions.

Non-resident deposits includes receipt and redemption of various non-resident deposits.

Banking capital ‘others’ include movement in balances of foreign central banks and international institutions like IBRD, IDA, ADB, IFC, IFAD etc. maintained with RBI as well as movement in balances held abroad by the embassies of India in London and Tokyo. Rupee debt service includes principal repayments on account of civilian and non-civilian debt in respect of Rupee Payment Area (RPA) and interest payment thereof.

Other capital is a residual item and includes all capital transactions not included elsewhere. It includes funds held abroad, India’s subscription to international institutions, quota payments to IMF, delayed export receipts, remittances towards recouping the losses of branches/subsidiaries, etc. It also includes rupee value of gold acquisition by the RBI (monetisation of gold).

Movement in reserves comprises changes in the foreign currency assets held by the RBI and SDR balances held by the Government of India. These are recorded after excluding changes on account of valuation. Valuation changes arise because foreign currency assets are expressed in US dollar terms and they include the effect of appreciation/depreciation of non-US currencies (such as Euro, Sterling, Yen) held in reserves. Furthermore, this item does not include reserve position with IMF.

(a) Gold was valued at Rs.84.39 per 10 grams till October 16,1990. It has been valued close to international market price with effect from October 17, 1990. Conversion of SDRs into US dollars is done at exchange rates released by the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

(b) With effect from April 1, 1999 the conversion of foreign currency assets into US dollars is done at week-end (for week-end figures) and month-end (for month-end figures) New York closing exchange rates. Prior to April 1, 1999 conversion of foreign currency assets into US dollars was done at representative exchange rates released by the IMF.

(c) Since March 1993, foreign exchange holdings are converted into rupees at rupee-US dollar market exchange rates.

(a) The indices presented here are in continuation of the series published in the July 1993 issue of this Bulletin (pp 967-977).

(b) The indices for 1990-92 are based on official exchange rate and the indices from 1993 onwards are based on FEDAI indicative rates.

(c) Depreciations are shown with (-) sign.