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Document - 18 (a). Flow of Financial Resources to Commercial Sector in India () or PDF - 18 (a). Flow of Financial Resources to Commercial Sector in India ()
18 (a). Flow of Financial Resources to Commercial Sector in India
Date : Dec 22, 2025
(₹ Crore)
Source April-March Up to November 28
2023-24 2024-25 2024-25 2025-26 P
1 2 3 4 5
1 Non-Food Bank Credit 21,40,243 17,98,321 10,48,619 12,40,071
2 Non-Bank Sources (2.1+2.2) 12,63,721 17,10,457 7,86,083 10,16,620
2.1 Domestic Sources 10,20,302 13,85,609 5,85,742 7,48,761
2.1.1 Equity Issuances by Non-Financial Entities 1,35,008 3,81,161 2,25,409 1,77,782
2.1.2 Corporate Bond Issuances by Non-Financial Entities 1,67,374 1,97,795 46,489 2,60,963
2.1.3 Hybrid Instruments (REITs/ InvITs) by Non-Financial Entities 39,024 31,442 10,611 10,098
2.1.4 Commercial Paper Issuances by Non-Financial Entities 19,712 18,819 73,382 75,932
2.1.5 Credit by Housing Finance Companies (Net of Bank Borrowings) 1,41,816 1,34,852 -20,202 -1,776
2.1.6 Credit by RBI-regulated All India Financial Institutions 73,386 99,501 9,903 -26,576
2.1.7 Credit by Non-Banking Financial Companies (Net of Bank Borrowings) 4,43,982 5,22,037 2,40,150 2,52,338
2.2 Foreign Sources 2,43,419 3,24,848 2,00,341 2,67,859
2.2.1 External Commercial Borrowings by Non-Financial Entities 27,916 19,201 7,066 26,454
2.2.2 ADR/GDR by Non-Financial Entities 0 0 0 0
2.2.3 Short-term Credit from Abroad -6,741 58,859 63,150 24,960
2.2.4 Foreign Direct Investment to India 2,22,244 2,46,788 1,30,126 2,16,445
3 Total Flow of Resources (1+2) 34,03,964 35,08,778 18,34,702 22,56,691
P: Provisional.
The coverage of data for columns 4 and 5 from Sources No.:
2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.5, 2.1.6, 2.2.1 and 2.2.2: Up to October.
2.1.7, 2.2.3 and 2.2.4: Up to September.
Notes: i) Non-food bank credit pertains to scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) and excludes credit extended by co-operative banks.
ii) Credit extended by banks, NBFCs and HFCs is inclusive of personal loans.
iii) Data on all items are presented on net basis, except equity and hybrid instruments which are on gross basis.
iv) All India Financial Institutions (AIFIs) include National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), National Housing Bank (NHB), Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), Export-Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank), and National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development (NaBFID). Credit extended by AIFIs excludes refinancing to SCBs, NBFCs, and HFCs, and direct loans to domestic and foreign governments/institutions.
v) Data pertaining to HDFC Limited, which merged with HDFC Bank effective from July 1, 2023, is included under credit by Housing Finance Companies prior to its merger while it is included under bank credit post-merger.
vi) Data on credit by Housing Finance Companies (HFCs) and Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) has been adjusted for the conversion of some HFCs into NBFCs.
Sources: RBI; SEBI; AIFIs; and RBI staff estimates.

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