India's Foreign Trade: 2011-12 (April-September)*
This article reviews India’s merchandise trade
performance during 2011-12 (April-September) on the
basis of data released by the Directorate General of
Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCI&S). It also
analyses disaggregated commodity-wise and directionwise
details for the period 2011-12 (April-June).
Highlights
• During 2011-12 (April-September), exports stood
at US$ 160 billion and recorded a growth of 52.1
per cent as compared with an increase of 30.0 per
cent during the corresponding period of the
previous year broadly reflecting increasing
diversification of exports in terms of destination
and commodities due to favourable policy
measures of the Government.
• During 2011-12 (April-September), imports at
US$ 233.5 billion registered a growth of 32.4 per
cent as compared with 37.6 per cent in the
preceding year. There has been significant rise in
import of gold & silver and machinery.
• Petroleum, oil and lubricants (POL) imports at
US$ 70.4 billion in 2011-12 (April-September)
exhibited a higher growth of 42.0 per cent,
reflecting increase in international crude oil
prices, as compared with 31.8 per cent a year ago.
The average price of Indian basket of crude
oil during the first half of 2011-12 stood at
US$ 111.3 per barrel, which was higher by 45.3
per cent than US$ 76.6 per barrel during the first
half of 2010-11.
• Non-oil imports during 2011-12 (April-September)
at US$ 163.1 billion recorded a growth of 28.5 per
cent as against 40.0 per cent in the corresponding
period of the preceding year.
• Trade deficit during 2011-12 (April-September)
amounted to US$ 73.5 billion, as compared with
US$ 71.2 billion during April-September 2010.
• The disaggregated data on commodity-wise
merchandise exports indicate that during 2011-
12 (April-June), engineering goods, petroleum
products, chemicals, gems & jewellery and
agricultural products contributed more than 80
per cent of the overall exports. Export growth was
higher in sectors, viz., leather & manufactures and
textile & textile products while the same was
lower for petroleum products and ores & minerals.
• There has been diversification of merchandise
exports towards developing countries with their
share in total exports increasing to 43.6 per cent
during April-June 2011-12 from 41.7 per cent
during April-June 2010.
India’s Merchandise Trade during 2011-
12 (April-September)
Exports
Export growth on monthly basis (year-on-year)
showed an uptrend during all the first six months of
2011-12 reflecting the impact of export promotional
measures announced by the government. However,
after peaking at 82.0 per cent in July 2011, monthly
export growth remained comparatively low in August
and September 2011 albeit higher than corresponding
months of 2010-11 (Chart 1).
Exports during 2011-12 (April-September) stood
at US$ 160.0 billion, recording a higher growth of 52.1
per cent as compared with an increase of 30.0 per cent
during the corresponding period of 2010-11 (Table 1 and Statement 1). While strategy of the supportive
Government policy facilitated exports, robust export
performance during the first half of 2011-12 mainly
reflected execution of orders received well before the
concerns intensified in respect of the US and Eurozone
economies.
Table 1: India’s Merchandise Trade |
(US$ billion) |
Items |
2010-11 R |
2011-12 P |
April-September |
|
1 |
2 |
Exports |
105.2 |
160.0 |
|
(30.0) |
(52.1) |
Oil Exports |
17.7 |
27.0 |
|
(64.6) |
(53.0) |
Non-oil Exports |
87.5 |
133.0 |
|
(24.7) |
(52.0) |
Imports |
176.4 |
233.5 |
|
(37.6) |
(32.4) |
Oil Imports |
49.4 |
70.4 |
|
(31.8) |
(42.0) |
Non-oil Imports |
126.9 |
163.1 |
|
(40.0) |
(28.5) |
Trade Balance |
-71.2 |
-73.5 |
Oil Trade Balance |
-31.7 |
-43.4 |
Non-oil Trade Balance |
-39.4 |
-30.1 |
R: Revised. P: Provisional.
Note: Figures in parentheses show percentage change over the
corresponding period of the previous year.
Source: Compiled from the Ministry of Commerce and Industry and DGCI&S data. |
As per the commodity-wise exports data available
during 2011-12 (April-June), manufactured goods
continued to maintain the largest share with 66 per
cent, followed by petroleum products (18.4 per cent) and primary products (13.2 per cent) (Table 2). The rise
in the share of manufactured goods essentially
emanated from improvement in the share of
engineering goods. Reflecting the robust demand in
the new markets like Latin America and Africa, exports
of engineering goods during April-June 2011 were more
than double the level recorded during the
corresponding period of previous year. Withinengineering, exports of all major categories, viz.,
transport equipment, machinery and instruments,
manufactures of metals, iron & steel and electronic
goods have recorded higher growth.
Within manufacturing, other commodities groups,
viz., leather & manufactures, chemicals & related
products and textiles & textile products witnessed
higher growth during April-June 2011 as against the
corresponding period of 2010-11. However, petroleum
products and ores and minerals were the sectors which
recorded decelerated growth during April-June 2011.
Table 2: India’s Exports of Principal Commodities |
(Percentage Shares) |
Commodity Group |
2009-10 |
2010-11 |
2010-11 |
2011-12 |
April-March |
April-June |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
I. Primary Products |
14.8 |
13.9 |
13.3 |
13.2 |
Agriculture and Allied Products |
9.9 |
9.7 |
7.9 |
9.5 |
Ores and Minerals |
4.8 |
4.2 |
5.4 |
3.7 |
II. Manufactured Goods |
64.4 |
66.1 |
62.6 |
66.0 |
Leather and Manufactures |
1.9 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
Chemicals and Related Products |
12.8 |
11.4 |
12.0 |
11.7 |
Engineering Goods |
21.4 |
27.0 |
24.9 |
32.9 |
Textiles and Textile Products |
11.1 |
9.2 |
10.1 |
8.7 |
Gems and Jewellery |
16.2 |
16.0 |
13.2 |
10.4 |
III. Petroleum Products |
15.8 |
16.5 |
16.0 |
18.4 |
IV. Others |
5.0 |
3.5 |
8.1 |
2.4 |
Total |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
Source: Compiled from DGCI&S data. |
Lower growth in commodities, viz., ores & minerals
possibly reflects reduced demand for basic inputs due
to concerns with regard to global slowdown.
Furthermore, the impact of quantitative restrictions
imposed on exports of raw cotton was evident in
negative growth recorded during April-June 2011
(Statement 2). However, the export of raw cotton has
now been placed on open general licensing by the
government since July 31, 2011.
During 2011-12 (April-June), the share of
developing countries and OPEC countries in India’s
exports improved as compared to April-June 2010
(Table 3). It reflects the impact of government’s policy
focus on diversification of Indian exports to other
markets, especially those located in Latin America,
Africa, parts of Asia and Oceania.
Table 3: India’s Exports to Principal Regions |
(Percentage Shares) |
Commodity Group |
2009-10 |
2010-11 |
2010-11 |
2011-12 |
April-March |
April-June |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
I. OECD Countries |
35.9 |
33.3 |
33.6 |
33.7 |
EU |
20.1 |
18.4 |
16.8 |
18.3 |
North America |
11.5 |
10.6 |
11.8 |
10.9 |
US |
10.9 |
10.1 |
11.3 |
10.4 |
Asia and Oceania |
2.9 |
2.8 |
3.4 |
2.5 |
Other OECD Countries |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
1.9 |
II. OPEC |
21.1 |
21.5 |
20.7 |
21.3 |
III. Eastern Europe |
1.0 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
IV. Developing Countries |
39.2 |
41.5 |
41.7 |
43.6 |
Asia |
29.8 |
30.9 |
30.1 |
31.2 |
SAARC |
4.7 |
5.0 |
4.4 |
4.6 |
Other Asian Developing Countries |
25.1 |
25.9 |
25.6 |
26.6 |
People’s Republic of China |
6.5 |
7.6 |
6.0 |
5.1 |
Africa |
5.8 |
6.5 |
7.3 |
7.5 |
Latin America |
3.6 |
4.1 |
4.2 |
4.8 |
V. Others/Unspecified |
2.8 |
2.5 |
2.9 |
0.3 |
Total Exports |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
Source: Compiled from DGCI&S data. |
Country-wise exports during 2011-12 (April-June)
indicate that the UAE continued to remain the largest
importer of Indian goods with a share of 11.6 per cent,
followed by the US (10.4 per cent), Singapore (8.0 per
cent), China (5.1 per cent) and Indonesia (3.0 per cent).
These five countries together accounted for around 38
per cent of India’s total exports during April-June 2011.
In spite of uncertainties prevailing in Europe, India’s
exports to Germany, U.K., Netherlands, Italy and Belgium grew significantly during April-June 2011.
Among major export destinations, US, Japan, China
and Hong Kong were the economies where India’s
exports showed lower growth during April-June
2011(Statement 3).
Imports
During 2011-12 (April-September), imports at
US$ 233.5 billion registered a growth of 32.4 per cent
(37.6 per cent a year ago) [Statement 2]. Import growth
was primarily led by a spurt in petroleum, oil and
lubricants (POL), gold & silver and machinery.
During 2011-12 (April-September), the POL
imports at US$ 70.4 billion showed a higher growth of
42.0 per cent (31.8 per cent a year ago), reflecting
increase in international crude oil prices. The average
price of Indian basket of crude oil during 2011-12
(April-September) stood at US$ 111.3 per barrel which
was higher by 45.3 per cent than US$ 76.6 per barrel
during the same period in 2010-11 (Table 4). However,
non-oil imports during the first half of 2011-12 at
US$ 163.1 billion witnessed a lower growth of 28.5 per
cent as compared with 40.0 per cent in corresponding
period of the preceding year.
Table 4: Trends in Crude Oil Prices |
(US$/barrel) |
Period |
Dubai |
Brent |
WTI* |
Indian
Basket** |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
2001-02 |
21.9 |
23.3 |
24.1 |
22.5 |
2002-03 |
25.8 |
27.6 |
29.2 |
26.7 |
2003-04 |
26.8 |
29.1 |
31.4 |
28.0 |
2004-05 |
36.4 |
42.2 |
45.0 |
39.2 |
2005-06 |
53.5 |
58.2 |
59.8 |
55.7 |
2006-07 |
61.0 |
64.3 |
64.7 |
62.5 |
2007-08 |
77.3 |
82.3 |
82.1 |
79.2 |
2008-09 |
82.1 |
84.8 |
85.8 |
83.6 |
2009-10 |
69.5 |
69.8 |
70.5 |
69.8 |
2010-11 |
84.2 |
86.8 |
83.2 |
85.1 |
(April-September) 2010 |
78.0 |
78.7 |
77.7 |
76.6 |
(April-September) 2011 |
110.7 |
117.0 |
102.3 |
111.3 |
* West Texas Intermediate.
** The composition of Indian Basket of Crude represents Average of
Oman& Dubai for sour grades and Brent (Dated) for sweet grade in
the ratio of 65.2:34.8 w.e.f April 1, 2011.
Sources: International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics; World Bank’s Commodity Price Pink Sheet; Ministry of
Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India. |
As per the latest available data on commodity-wise
imports for 2011-12 (April-June), petroleum and petroleum products continued to be the major item of
India’s imports during April-June 2011, followed by
capital goods and gold & silver. Import of gold & silver,
in absolute terms, was more than double of that
recorded during the corresponding period (Statement
4). The quantum of POL imports recorded a moderate
growth of 4.6 per cent during April-June 2011 as against
7.2 per cent during the corresponding period of the
preceding year 2010-11.
Non-oil imports during 2011-12 (April-June) at
US$ 79.4 billion witnessed a growth of 23.7 per cent
as against 40.3 per cent during the corresponding
period of previous year. Deceleration in non-oil imports
was mainly on account of decline in imports of export
related items and certain bulk items, viz., fertilisers,
manufactured items and iron & steel. Import growth
in most of export-related items (viz., pearls, precious
and semi-precious stones, chemicals, textile yarn and
fabric) was either negative or lower possibly reflecting
incipient signs of export moderation in these sectors
in forthcoming months. Import of certain categories
of capital goods either declined or showed decelerated
growth raising concerns regarding domestic investment
scenario (Table 5 and Statement 4).
Table 5: Imports of Principal Commodities |
(Percentage Shares) |
Commodity Group |
2009-10 |
2010-11 |
2010-11 |
2011-12 |
April-March |
April-June |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
1. Petroleum, Crude and Products |
30.2 |
28.1 |
28.7 |
32.2 |
2. Capital Goods |
22.8 |
20.7 |
21.6 |
19.4 |
3. Gold and Silver |
10.3 |
10.7 |
9.0 |
15.3 |
4. Organic and Inorganic Chemicals |
4.1 |
4.0 |
4.4 |
3.8 |
5. Coal, Coke and Briquettes, etc. |
3.1 |
2.6 |
3.6 |
3.4 |
6. Fertilisers |
2.4 |
1.9 |
2.3 |
1.2 |
7. Metalliferrous Ores, Metal Scrap, etc. |
2.7 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
8. Iron and Steel |
2.9 |
2.8 |
3.4 |
2.2 |
9. Pearls, Precious and
Semi-Precious Stones |
5.6 |
8.7 |
8.4 |
5.3 |
10. Others |
15.9 |
16.1 |
22.6 |
27.6 |
Total Imports |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
Source: Compiled from DGCI&S data. |
During 2011-12 (April-June), share of developing
countries in total imports of India was marginally lower than the corresponding period of 2010-11.
On the other hand, the share of OECD and OPEC
group of countries rose to 30.8 per cent and 35.0 per
cent, respectively (Table 6). Country-wise,
China continued to be the largest source of imports
with a share of 11.5 per cent in total imports, followed
by the Switzerland, UAE, Saudi Arabia and Iraq.
These five countries together constituted around 38.6
per cent of India’s imports. During April-June 2011,
there was a distinct shift in source countries for
imports. Switzerland became the second largest source
country for imports replacing UAE while Iraq emerged
as fifth largest source of import replacing Australia.
In absolute terms, imports from Switzerland grew to
more than double while that from Iraq recorded an
increase of 271.6 per cent during the period
(Statement 5). Import of items from Switzerland which
recorded significant increase during the period
include non-ferrous metals, machinery (except
electrical & electronics) and electronic goods, etc.
Table 6: Shares of Groups/Countries in India’s Imports |
(Percentage Shares) |
Region/Country |
2009-10 |
2010-11 |
2010-11 |
2011-12 |
April-March |
April-June |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
I. OECD Countries |
32.6 |
30.6 |
29.7 |
30.8 |
EU |
13.3 |
12 |
12.3 |
11.8 |
Belgium |
2.1 |
2.3 |
2.6 |
1.8 |
France |
1.4 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
0.8 |
Germany |
3.6 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
UK |
1.5 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.7 |
North America |
6.6 |
6.0 |
6.6 |
5.1 |
US |
5.9 |
5.4 |
6.0 |
4.7 |
Asia and Oceania |
6.8 |
5.4 |
6.5 |
5.5 |
Other OECD Countries |
5.9 |
7.2 |
4.3 |
8.3 |
II. OPEC |
32.0 |
33.6 |
33.1 |
35.0 |
III. Eastern Europe |
2.1 |
1.5 |
2.1 |
1.6 |
IV. Developing Countries |
32.5 |
33 |
34.8 |
32.1 |
Asia |
25.6 |
27.1 |
27.7 |
26.2 |
SAARC |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
Other Asian Developing Countries |
25.1 |
26.5 |
27.2 |
25.6 |
of which: |
|
|
|
|
People’s Republic of China |
10.7 |
11.8 |
12.3 |
11.5 |
Africa |
4.3 |
3.6 |
3.8 |
3.7 |
Latin America |
2.6 |
2.4 |
3.3 |
2.3 |
V. Others/Unspecified |
0.8 |
1.3 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
Total Imports |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
Source: Compiled from DGCI&S data. |
Trade Deficit
The trade deficit during the first half of 2011-12
stood marginally higher at US$ 73.5 billion in 2011-12
than US$ 71.2 billion during the first half of 2010-11
(Statement 1). During the first half of 2011-12, the trade
deficit on oil account was higher at US$ 43.4 billion.
However, trade deficit at US$ 30.1 billion on account
of non-oil account was lower during April-September
2011 as compared with US$ 39.4 billion during the
corresponding period of 2010-11.
Global Trade
Latest monthly data available up to September
2011, from International Monetary Fund’s (IMF)
International Financial Statistics (IFS), show that value
of world merchandise exports on average grew by
22.1 per cent during April-September 2011, which was
marginally lower than the growth recorded during the
corresponding period of 2010-11 (Chart 2).
A comparison shows that India’s export growth has
been far higher than that of the trend growth in the
global exports during 2011-12 so far. On November
21, 2011 the World Trade Organisation has
revised down its forecast for growth in volume of
world exports from 6.5 per cent to 5.8 per cent
due to the worsening outlook for the global
economy.
 |
Cross-country comparison of export performance
indicates that India’s export growth was largest among
the major advanced and emerging economies during
the first six months of 2011 (Table 7). As per the latest
forecast of WTO, exports from developed economies
are expected to rise by 3.7 per cent (earlier forecast:
4.5 per cent), and those from developing countries by
8.5 per cent (earlier forecast: 9.5 per cent). Going
forward, the sovereign debt crisis in Eurozone,
weakness in the US and moderation of economic
activity in China may affect the level of India’s external demand as these economies are major export
destination for India.
Table 7: Growth in Exports: Cross-Country Comparison |
Per Cent |
Region/Country |
2009 |
2010 |
2010 |
2011 |
January-December |
January-June |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
World |
-22.7 |
21.9 |
26.3 |
20.9 |
Advanced Economies |
-21.7 |
18.2 |
22.2 |
19.7 |
United States |
-18.8 |
20.9 |
23.0 |
18.0 |
France |
-21.9 |
8.2 |
12.1 |
16.9 |
Germany |
-22.8 |
13.4 |
17.0 |
21.7 |
Japan |
-25.7 |
32.6 |
44.4 |
8.1 |
Emerging and Developing Countries |
-24.4 |
28.4 |
33.6 |
22.0 |
Singapore |
-20.2 |
30.4 |
37.4 |
22.0 |
China, P.R.: Mainland |
-15.9 |
31.3 |
35.1 |
24.0 |
India |
-15.2 |
35.1 |
41.0 |
51.6 |
Indonesia |
-14.3 |
31.9 |
38.5 |
34.1 |
Korea, Republic of |
-14.3 |
29.0 |
34.3 |
23.7 |
Malaysia |
-24.9 |
26.2 |
38.3 |
16.4 |
Thailand |
-13.6 |
28.5 |
36.7 |
22.8 |
Source: (1) IMF (www.imfstatistics.org).
(2) DGCI&S for India. |
World Commodity Prices
As per the data on commodity prices available
from IMF’s International Financial Statistics, the world
commodity prices began to moderate since August
2011. The world commodity prices increased by 27.0
per cent during August-September 2011(year-on-year
basis) as compared with an increase of 36 per cent
during April-July 2011 (Chart 3). However, variation in
indices of international commodity prices (on monthto-
month basis), showed a decline in August and
September 2011 primarily led by substantial
moderation in prices of food and metal. International
price of energy items also showed some moderation
during August and September 2011. Downtrend in
world commodity prices was largely driven by weaker
demand prospects and appreciation of the dollar
against a broad group of U.S. trading partners.
 |
Statement 1: India’s Foreign Trade |
Year |
Exports |
Imports |
Trade Balance |
Total |
Oil |
Non-Oil |
Total |
Oil |
Non-Oil |
Total |
Oil |
Non-Oil |
|
1 |
2 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
April-September
Rupees crore |
2009-10 |
393,262 |
52,268 |
340,994 |
622,295 |
181,862 |
440,434 |
-229,033 |
-129,594 |
-99,440 |
|
(-15.3) |
(-34.6) |
(-11.3) |
(-21.3) |
(-32.8) |
(-15.3) |
|
|
|
2010-11 R |
484,687 |
81,604 |
403,083 |
811,773 |
190,270 |
621,503 |
-327,085 |
-108,665 |
-218,420 |
|
(23.2) |
(56.1) |
(18.2) |
(30.4) |
(4.6) |
(41.1) |
|
|
|
2011-12 P |
723,432 |
.. |
.. |
1,055,339 |
.. |
.. |
-331,907 |
.. |
.. |
|
(49.3) |
|
|
(30.0) |
|
|
|
|
|
US Dollar million |
2009-10 |
80,950 |
10,759 |
70,191 |
128,131 |
37,475 |
90,656 |
-47,181 |
-26,716 |
-20,465 |
|
(-25.7) |
(-42.5) |
(-22.2) |
(-30.7) |
(-40.8) |
(-25.5) |
|
|
|
2010-11 R |
105,241 |
17,706 |
87,535 |
176,360 |
49,405 |
126,955 |
-71,119 |
-31,699 |
-39,420 |
|
(30.0) |
(64.6) |
(24.7) |
(37.6) |
(31.8) |
(40.0) |
|
|
|
2011-12 P |
160,049 |
.. |
.. |
233,510 |
70,349 |
163,161 |
-73,461 |
.. |
.. |
|
(52.1) |
|
|
(32.4) |
(42.4) |
(28.5) |
|
|
|
P: Provisional. R: Revised. .. Not available.
Notes: 1. Figures in brackets relate to percentage variation over the corresponding period of the previous year.
2. Data conversion has been done using period average exchange rates.
Source: DGCI&S |
Statement 2: India’s Exports of Principal Commodities |
(US$ million) |
Commodity/Group |
April-June |
Percentage Variation |
2009-10 |
2010-11R |
2011-12P |
(3)/(2) |
(4)/(3) |
| |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
I. Primary Products |
5,450.4 |
7,200.7 |
10,810.7 |
32.1 |
50.1 |
A. Agricultural & Allied Products |
3,901.3 |
4,256.7 |
7,764.8 |
9.1 |
82.4 |
of which : |
|
|
|
|
|
1. Tea |
87.4 |
104.6 |
143.6 |
19.7 |
37.3 |
2. Coffee |
108.9 |
148.8 |
379.2 |
36.7 |
154.8 |
3. Rice |
837.5 |
543.4 |
823.9 |
-35.1 |
51.6 |
4. Wheat |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
800.0 |
5. Cotton Raw incl. Waste |
224.9 |
252.2 |
4.2 |
12.1 |
-98.3 |
6. Tobacco |
212.9 |
205.2 |
202.9 |
-3.6 |
-1.1 |
7. Cashew incl. CSNL |
136.2 |
145.1 |
209.7 |
6.6 |
44.5 |
8. Spices |
268.4 |
378.2 |
617.8 |
40.9 |
63.3 |
9. Oil Meal |
319.1 |
327.8 |
458.0 |
2.7 |
39.7 |
10. Marine Products |
353.9 |
461.3 |
600.4 |
30.4 |
30.2 |
11. Sugar & Molasses |
7.3 |
11.2 |
1,528.9 |
52.7 |
13,562.8 |
B. Ores & Minerals |
1,549.1 |
2,944.1 |
3,045.9 |
90.1 |
3.5 |
of which : |
|
|
|
|
|
1. Iron Ore |
956.3 |
2,170.1 |
718.5 |
126.9 |
-66.9 |
2. Processed Minerals |
284.0 |
388.5 |
1,432.2 |
36.8 |
268.6 |
II. Manufactured Goods |
26,368.8 |
33,882.1 |
54,139.0 |
28.5 |
59.8 |
of which : |
|
|
|
|
|
A. Leather & Manufactures |
688.7 |
855.8 |
1,119.9 |
24.3 |
30.9 |
B. Chemicals & Related Products |
4,761.3 |
6,468.5 |
9,589.5 |
35.9 |
48.3 |
1. Basic Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics |
3,304.2 |
4,403.5 |
6,116.2 |
33.3 |
38.9 |
2. Plastic & Linoleum Products |
668.2 |
1,013.5 |
1,771.3 |
51.7 |
74.8 |
3. Rubber, Glass, Paints & Enamels, etc. |
585.6 |
784.1 |
1,262.8 |
33.9 |
61.1 |
4. Residual Chemicals & Allied Products |
203.4 |
267.6 |
439.3 |
31.6 |
64.2 |
C. Engineering Goods |
9,821.1 |
13,458.4 |
27,004.8 |
37.0 |
100.7 |
of which : |
|
|
|
|
|
1. Manufactures of Metals |
1,459.3 |
1,685.3 |
3,732.2 |
15.5 |
121.5 |
2. Machinery & Instruments |
2,115.5 |
2,448.8 |
4,035.5 |
15.8 |
64.8 |
3. Transport Equipments |
3,571.4 |
5,608.8 |
9,546.8 |
57.1 |
70.2 |
4. Iron & Steel |
558.2 |
900.9 |
3,141.9 |
61.4 |
248.7 |
5. Electronic Goods |
1,417.5 |
1,672.2 |
2,847.2 |
18.0 |
70.3 |
D. Textiles & Textile Products |
4,555.6 |
5,446.7 |
7,118.4 |
19.6 |
30.7 |
1. Cotton Yarn, Fabrics, Made-ups, etc. |
684.9 |
1,310.0 |
1,666.3 |
91.3 |
27.2 |
2. Natural Silk Yarn, Fabrics Made-ups etc.(Incl. silk waste) |
68.0 |
68.8 |
57.5 |
1.2 |
-16.4 |
3. Manmade Yarn, Fabrics, Made-ups, etc. |
775.8 |
923.7 |
1,238.3 |
19.1 |
34.1 |
4. Manmade Staple Fibre |
64.2 |
100.3 |
164.0 |
56.3 |
63.4 |
5. Woollen Yarn, Fabrics, Made-ups, etc. |
20.9 |
22.0 |
36.8 |
5.3 |
67.6 |
6. Readymade Garments |
2,712.8 |
2,658.1 |
3,598.3 |
-2.0 |
35.4 |
7. Jute & Jute Manufactures |
50.5 |
110.7 |
124.8 |
119.3 |
12.8 |
8. Coir & Coir Manufactures |
33.9 |
36.9 |
47.6 |
8.7 |
29.2 |
9. Carpets |
144.8 |
216.3 |
184.8 |
49.4 |
-14.6 |
(a) Carpet (excl. silk) Handmade |
142.6 |
215.6 |
184.4 |
51.2 |
-14.5 |
(b) Carpet Millmade |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
(c) Silk Carpet |
2.2 |
0.7 |
0.4 |
-69.7 |
-33.3 |
E. Gems & Jewellery |
6,158.2 |
7,135.1 |
8,548.8 |
15.9 |
19.8 |
F. Handicrafts |
47.5 |
48.4 |
28.2 |
2.0 |
-41.6 |
III. Petroleum Products |
4,434.5 |
8,674.4 |
15,079.8 |
95.6 |
73.8 |
IV. Others |
2,144.9 |
4,372.4 |
2,005.1 |
103.9 |
-54.1 |
Total Exports |
38,398.5 |
54,129.6 |
82,034.6 |
41.0 |
51.6 |
P: Provisional. R: Revised.
Source: DGCI&S.. |
Statement 3: Direction of India's Foreign Trade-Exports |
(US$ million) |
Commodity/Group |
April-June |
Percentage Variation |
2009-10 |
2010-11R |
2011-12P |
(3)/(2) |
(4)/(3) |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
I. O E C D Countries |
13,764.9 |
18,175.5 |
27,645.2 |
32.0 |
52.1 |
A. European Union |
7,689.0 |
9,112.3 |
15,033.8 |
18.5 |
65.0 |
of which : |
|
|
|
|
|
1. Belgium |
778.0 |
1,065.9 |
2,086.7 |
37.0 |
95.8 |
2. France |
706.5 |
970.4 |
1,041.8 |
37.4 |
7.4 |
3. Germany |
1,238.4 |
1,342.6 |
2,296.2 |
8.4 |
71.0 |
4. Italy |
743.6 |
888.3 |
1,662.8 |
19.5 |
87.2 |
5. Netherlands |
1,295.8 |
1,490.8 |
2,568.7 |
15.0 |
72.3 |
6. U K |
1,390.7 |
1,508.6 |
2,336.5 |
8.5 |
54.9 |
B. North America |
4,429.7 |
6,387.9 |
8,973.4 |
44.2 |
40.5 |
1. Canada |
267.4 |
274.0 |
445.9 |
2.5 |
62.7 |
2. U S A |
4,162.3 |
6,113.9 |
8,527.5 |
46.9 |
39.5 |
C. Asia & Oceania |
1,090.0 |
1,841.2 |
2,054.1 |
68.9 |
11.6 |
of which : |
|
|
|
|
|
1. Australia |
251.3 |
322.0 |
469.5 |
28.2 |
45.8 |
2. Japan |
788.7 |
1,479.7 |
1,524.3 |
87.6 |
3.0 |
D. Other O E C D Countries |
556.2 |
834.0 |
1,583.9 |
50.0 |
89.9 |
of which : |
|
|
|
|
|
1. Switzerland |
126.5 |
146.9 |
215.2 |
16.2 |
46.5 |
II. O P E C |
8,823.3 |
11,229.3 |
17,464.3 |
27.3 |
55.5 |
of which : |
|
|
|
|
|
1. Indonesia |
974.4 |
883.5 |
2,430.2 |
-9.3 |
175.1 |
2. Iran |
590.3 |
363.4 |
1,411.4 |
-38.4 |
288.4 |
3. Iraq |
101.6 |
139.6 |
347.1 |
37.4 |
148.6 |
4. Kuwait |
199.8 |
194.3 |
504.5 |
-2.8 |
159.7 |
5. Saudi Arabia |
961.4 |
1,225.3 |
1,618.6 |
27.5 |
32.1 |
6. U A E |
5,112.7 |
7,495.3 |
9,480.2 |
46.6 |
26.5 |
III. Eastern Europe |
356.9 |
599.8 |
898.6 |
68.1 |
49.8 |
of which : |
|
|
|
|
|
1. Russia |
188.7 |
389.4 |
547.6 |
106.4 |
40.6 |
IV. Developing Countries |
14,135.7 |
22,550.4 |
35,735.5 |
59.5 |
58.5 |
A. Asia |
10,941.0 |
16,276.3 |
25,594.9 |
48.8 |
57.3 |
a) S A A R C |
1,792.1 |
2,404.4 |
3,769.3 |
34.2 |
56.8 |
1. Afghanistan |
102.3 |
72.0 |
129.2 |
-29.6 |
79.4 |
2. Bangladesh |
449.1 |
671.4 |
742.4 |
49.5 |
10.6 |
3. Bhutan |
22.0 |
41.3 |
44.2 |
87.4 |
7.0 |
4. Maldives |
18.7 |
25.1 |
36.1 |
34.4 |
43.8 |
5. Nepal |
386.6 |
485.6 |
664.2 |
25.6 |
36.8 |
6. Pakistan |
406.5 |
436.1 |
290.1 |
7.3 |
-33.5 |
7. Sri Lanka |
407.0 |
673.0 |
1,863.2 |
65.4 |
176.8 |
b) Other Asian Developing Countries |
9,148.9 |
13,871.8 |
21,825.6 |
51.6 |
57.3 |
of which : |
|
|
|
|
|
1. People’s Republic of China |
2,099.2 |
3,245.6 |
4,165.4 |
54.6 |
28.3 |
2. Hong Kong |
1,428.0 |
2,323.2 |
2,348.4 |
62.7 |
1.1 |
3. South Korea |
548.1 |
695.9 |
1,698.8 |
27.0 |
144.1 |
4. Malaysia |
694.7 |
1,297.5 |
1,282.1 |
86.8 |
-1.2 |
5. Singapore |
2,185.9 |
2,823.8 |
6,565.3 |
29.2 |
132.5 |
6. Thailand |
297.0 |
462.4 |
797.4 |
55.7 |
72.4 |
B. Africa |
2,159.8 |
3,978.2 |
6,163.6 |
84.2 |
54.9 |
of which : |
|
|
|
|
|
1. Benin |
39.5 |
65.0 |
318.5 |
64.5 |
390.3 |
2. Egypt Arab Republic |
272.7 |
504.7 |
485.9 |
85.1 |
-3.7 |
3. Kenya |
404.1 |
570.5 |
616.7 |
41.2 |
8.1 |
4. South Africa |
337.1 |
1,490.6 |
1,339.0 |
342.2 |
-10.2 |
5. Sudan |
102.4 |
127.5 |
455.4 |
24.4 |
257.3 |
6. Tanzania |
194.8 |
187.5 |
524.0 |
-3.7 |
179.4 |
7. Zambia |
17.7 |
21.8 |
49.3 |
23.1 |
126.2 |
C. Latin American Countries |
1,034.9 |
2,295.9 |
3,977.0 |
121.8 |
73.2 |
V. Others |
202.8 |
16.8 |
58.4 |
-91.7 |
247.9 |
VI. Unspecified |
1,114.9 |
1,557.8 |
232.6 |
39.7 |
-85.1 |
Total Exports |
38,398.5 |
54,129.6 |
82,034.6 |
41.0 |
51.6 |
P: Provisional. R: Revised.
Source: DGCI&S. |
Statement 4: India’s Imports of Principal Commodities |
(US$ million) |
Commodity/Group |
April-June |
Percentage Variation |
2009-10 |
2010-11R |
2011-12P |
(3)/(2) |
(4)/(3) |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
I. |
Bulk Imports |
25,069.8 |
37,769.7 |
50,224.3 |
50.7 |
33.0 |
|
A. Petroleum, Petroleum Products & Related Material |
16,649.0 |
25,855.5 |
37,658.8 |
55.3 |
45.7 |
|
B. Bulk Consumption Goods |
1,760.5 |
1,995.1 |
2,416.4 |
13.3 |
21.1 |
|
1. Wheat |
0.0 |
13.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-100.0 |
|
2. Cereals & Cereal Preparations |
9.8 |
11.7 |
17.8 |
19.7 |
51.4 |
|
3. Edible Oil |
1,225.8 |
1,340.7 |
2,004.1 |
9.4 |
49.5 |
|
4. Pulses |
386.9 |
318.7 |
393.9 |
-17.6 |
23.6 |
|
5. Sugar |
138.1 |
310.9 |
0.6 |
125.2 |
-99.8 |
|
C. Other Bulk Items |
6,660.3 |
9,919.2 |
10,149.1 |
48.9 |
2.3 |
|
1. Fertilisers |
1,715.0 |
2,049.8 |
1,434.4 |
19.5 |
-30.0 |
|
a) Crude |
214.3 |
163.9 |
257.5 |
-23.5 |
57.1 |
|
b) Sulphur & Unroasted Iron Pyrites |
27.7 |
65.7 |
88.4 |
137.5 |
34.6 |
|
c) Manufactured |
1,473.1 |
1,820.2 |
1,088.5 |
23.6 |
-40.2 |
|
2. Non-Ferrous Metals |
691.0 |
1,034.3 |
1,304.7 |
49.7 |
26.1 |
|
3. Paper, Paperboard & Mgfd. incl. Newsprint |
317.7 |
486.7 |
618.4 |
53.2 |
27.1 |
|
4. Crude Rubber, incl. Synthetic & Reclaimed |
210.7 |
416.1 |
631.0 |
97.5 |
51.7 |
|
5. Pulp & Waste Paper |
196.2 |
313.9 |
354.3 |
60.0 |
12.9 |
|
6. Metalliferrous Ores & Metal Scrap etc. |
1,707.5 |
2,535.8 |
3,201.6 |
48.5 |
26.3 |
|
7. Iron & Steel |
1,822.1 |
3,082.6 |
2,604.8 |
69.2 |
-15.5 |
II. |
Non-Bulk Imports |
37,362.3 |
52,301.0 |
66,881.4 |
40.0 |
27.9 |
|
A. Capital Goods |
15,866.9 |
19,435.1 |
22,705.0 |
22.5 |
16.8 |
|
1. Manufactures of Metals |
552.2 |
707.7 |
957.0 |
28.2 |
35.2 |
|
2. Machine Tools |
410.8 |
462.5 |
739.6 |
12.6 |
59.9 |
|
3. Machinery except Electrical & Electronics |
4,934.7 |
5,611.2 |
7,486.9 |
13.7 |
33.4 |
|
4. Electrical Machinery except Electronics |
721.8 |
885.2 |
1,177.0 |
22.6 |
33.0 |
|
5. Electronic Goods incl. Computer Software |
5,628.3 |
7,414.9 |
8,349.7 |
31.7 |
12.6 |
|
6. Transport Equipment |
2,467.4 |
2,647.3 |
2,285.2 |
7.3 |
-13.7 |
|
7. Project Goods |
1,151.7 |
1,706.3 |
1,709.6 |
48.2 |
0.2 |
|
B. Mainly Export Related Items |
6,661.0 |
12,527.7 |
11,869.8 |
88.1 |
-5.3 |
|
of which : |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. Pearl, Precious, Semi-Precious Stones |
2,895.9 |
7,588.9 |
6,239.8 |
162.1 |
-17.8 |
|
2. Chemicals, Organic & Inorganic |
2,977.5 |
3,955.2 |
4,463.5 |
32.8 |
12.9 |
|
3. Textile Yarn, Fabric, etc. |
606.6 |
789.5 |
886.4 |
30.2 |
12.3 |
|
4. Cashew Nuts |
181.1 |
194.1 |
279.6 |
7.2 |
44.0 |
|
C. Others |
14,834.4 |
20,338.2 |
32,306.6 |
37.1 |
58.8 |
|
of which : |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. Gold & Silver |
6,001.1 |
8,085.1 |
17,924.8 |
34.7 |
121.7 |
|
2. Artificial Resins & Plastic Materials etc. |
1,274.2 |
1,827.2 |
1,755.8 |
43.4 |
-3.9 |
|
3. Professional Instruments etc., except Electrical |
973.4 |
1,128.4 |
1,210.2 |
15.9 |
7.2 |
|
4. Coal, Coke & Briquettes etc. |
2,341.7 |
3,286.5 |
3,979.9 |
40.4 |
21.1 |
|
5. Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Products |
485.3 |
599.4 |
646.6 |
23.5 |
7.9 |
|
6. Chemical Material & Products |
513.7 |
801.1 |
953.8 |
56.0 |
19.1 |
|
7. Non-Metallic Mineral Manufactures |
245.7 |
338.6 |
462.2 |
37.8 |
36.5 |
|
Total Imports |
62,432.1 |
90,070.7 |
117,105.7 |
44.3 |
30.0 |
|
Memo Items |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-Oil Imports |
45,783.1 |
64,215.2 |
79,446.9 |
40.3 |
23.7 |
|
Non-Oil Imports excl. Gold & Silver |
39,782.0 |
56,130.1 |
61,522.1 |
41.1 |
9.6 |
|
Mainly Industrial Inputs* |
35,575.0 |
51,186.4 |
56,807.0 |
43.9 |
11.0 |
P: Provisional. R: Revised.
* : Non oil imports net of gold and silver, bulk consumption goods, manufactured fertilisers and professional instruments.
Source : DGCI & S. |
Statement 5: Direction of India's Foreign Trade-Imports |
(US$ million) |
Commodity/Group |
April-June |
Percentage Variation |
2009-10 |
2010-11R |
2011-12P |
(3)/(2) |
(4)/(3) |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
I. O E C D Countries |
21,693.5 |
26,765.6 |
36,090.2 |
23.4 |
34.8 |
A. European Union |
8,758.2 |
11,067.9 |
13,863.6 |
26.4 |
25.3 |
of which : |
|
|
|
|
|
1. Belgium |
1,383.2 |
2,317.2 |
2,120.1 |
67.5 |
-8.5 |
2. France |
1,033.5 |
1,026.0 |
924.8 |
-0.7 |
-9.9 |
3. Germany |
2,282.7 |
2,842.8 |
3,722.1 |
24.5 |
30.9 |
4. Italy |
820.9 |
1,041.3 |
1,446.6 |
26.9 |
38.9 |
5. Netherlands |
469.4 |
392.4 |
482.0 |
-16.4 |
22.8 |
6. U K |
1,074.9 |
1,222.9 |
2,042.5 |
13.8 |
67.0 |
B. North America |
4,568.2 |
5,926.0 |
6,000.5 |
29.7 |
1.3 |
1. Canada |
426.9 |
564.2 |
543.1 |
32.2 |
-3.8 |
2. U S A |
4,141.2 |
5,361.8 |
5,457.4 |
29.5 |
1.8 |
C. Asia and Oceania |
4,888.7 |
5,864.9 |
6,450.6 |
20.0 |
10.0 |
of which : |
|
|
|
|
|
1. Australia |
3,186.6 |
3,564.9 |
3,494.5 |
11.9 |
-2.0 |
2. Japan |
1,582.4 |
2,084.2 |
2,784.4 |
31.7 |
33.6 |
D. Other O E C D Countries |
3,478.5 |
3,906.9 |
9,775.5 |
12.3 |
150.2 |
of which : |
|
|
|
|
|
1. Switzerland |
2,586.3 |
3,498.5 |
9,452.8 |
35.3 |
170.2 |
II. O P E C |
17,730.2 |
29,793.3 |
40,988.4 |
68.0 |
37.6 |
of which : |
|
|
|
|
|
1. Indonesia |
2,173.6 |
2,316.9 |
3,421.2 |
6.6 |
47.7 |
2. Iran |
2,642.4 |
2,751.1 |
3,621.3 |
4.1 |
31.6 |
3. Iraq |
1,428.8 |
1,599.1 |
5,942.1 |
11.9 |
271.6 |
4. Kuwait |
1,888.9 |
2,418.1 |
2,608.3 |
28.0 |
7.9 |
5. Saudi Arabia |
3,430.3 |
4,893.2 |
7,328.7 |
42.7 |
49.8 |
6. U A E |
3,447.9 |
8,464.7 |
9,097.2 |
145.5 |
7.5 |
III. Eastern Europe |
1,495.3 |
1,914.1 |
1,825.7 |
28.0 |
-4.6 |
of which : |
|
|
|
|
|
1. Russia |
872.5 |
1,186.3 |
1,026.5 |
36.0 |
-13.5 |
IV. Developing Countries |
21,010.5 |
31,369.9 |
37,648.0 |
49.3 |
20.0 |
A. Asia |
16,833.3 |
24,950.6 |
30,651.8 |
48.2 |
22.9 |
a) S A A R C |
367.9 |
439.4 |
626.4 |
19.4 |
42.6 |
1. Afghanistan |
20.6 |
19.8 |
22.1 |
-3.6 |
11.6 |
2. Bangladesh |
55.6 |
60.9 |
148.4 |
9.5 |
143.9 |
3. Bhutan |
30.6 |
36.8 |
47.5 |
20.5 |
29.0 |
4. Maldives |
0.6 |
0.9 |
1.7 |
50.0 |
87.8 |
5. Nepal |
116.3 |
121.7 |
82.6 |
4.7 |
-32.1 |
6. Pakistan |
58.4 |
99.3 |
86.9 |
70.1 |
-12.6 |
7. Sri Lanka |
86.0 |
100.0 |
237.2 |
16.3 |
137.2 |
b). Other Asian Developing Countries |
16,465.3 |
24,511.1 |
30,025.4 |
48.9 |
22.5 |
of which : |
|
|
|
|
|
1. People’s Republic of China |
7,396.7 |
11,097.8 |
13,432.4 |
50.0 |
21.0 |
2. Hong Kong |
964.8 |
1,894.2 |
2,509.9 |
96.3 |
32.5 |
3. South Korea |
1,827.4 |
2,607.1 |
2,926.5 |
42.7 |
12.3 |
4. Malaysia |
1,143.8 |
1,451.3 |
2,124.9 |
26.9 |
46.4 |
5. Singapore |
1,807.7 |
2,048.5 |
2,648.8 |
13.3 |
29.3 |
6. Thailand |
706.9 |
1,032.0 |
1,340.5 |
46.0 |
29.9 |
B. Africa |
2,899.0 |
3,447.9 |
4,338.3 |
18.9 |
25.8 |
of which : |
|
|
|
|
|
1. Benin |
85.5 |
80.4 |
165.2 |
-6.0 |
105.5 |
2. Egypt Arab Republic |
510.7 |
352.8 |
856.7 |
-30.9 |
142.9 |
3. Kenya |
26.6 |
25.2 |
29.3 |
-5.5 |
16.5 |
4. South Africa |
1,383.1 |
1,710.2 |
2,207.4 |
23.7 |
29.1 |
5. Sudan |
89.7 |
61.9 |
195.9 |
-31.0 |
216.7 |
6. Tanzania |
54.2 |
47.3 |
34.5 |
-12.7 |
-27.0 |
7. Zambia |
20.1 |
7.8 |
26.6 |
-61.3 |
242.3 |
C. Latin American Countries |
1,278.2 |
2,971.5 |
2,657.9 |
132.5 |
-10.6 |
V. Others |
47.3 |
14.3 |
30.0 |
-69.8 |
110.1 |
VI. Unspecified |
455.3 |
213.5 |
523.4 |
-53.1 |
145.2 |
Total Imports |
62,432.1 |
90,070.7 |
117,105.7 |
44.3 |
30.0 |
P: Provisional. R: Revised.
Source: DGCI&S. |
|