EXPLANATORY NOTES ON DATA SOURCE AND METHODOLOGY

Data Sources

The data on State Government Finances are based on the receipts and expenditure data presented in the Budget documents of the State Governments over the years. The data for the new States have been included as and when they have presented their individual Budgets. The Accounts data for the year 2000- 01 include the data of Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand only. These, however, do not include those of Jharkhand for the period November 2000 to March 2001. The information strictly conforms to the data presented in the State Budgets and the accounting classification thereof. The data conforms to the accounting classification into Revenue and Capital Accounts and their bifurcation into ‘Plan’ and ‘Non-Plan’. Outstanding liabilities of the State Governments are based on data from Combined Finance and Revenue Accounts of the Union and State Governments in India, (Comptroller and Auditor General of India, Government of India), Ministry of Finance, (Government of India), Reserve Bank Records, Budget Documents of the State Governments and Finance Accounts of the Union Government (Controller General of Accounts, Government of India).

Methodology

Data on major fiscal indicators (Table 1 to 28) have been classified into special and non-special category States. As set out in the Budget documents, the expenditure data is also disaggregated into developmental and non-developmental expenditure. All expenditures relating to Revenue Account, Capital Outlay and Loans and Advances are categorised into general services, social services and economic services. Broadly, the social and economic services constitute developmental expenditures, while expenditure on general services is treated as non-developmental. This reclassification is done without altering the total receipts, expenditures and overall balance presented in the budget. For more detailed methodology on data compilation, refer to RBI’s annual publication “State Finances: A Study of Budgets of 2009-10”.

GENERAL NOTES ON TABLES AND APPENDICES

1. B.E.: Budget Estimates. R.E.: Revised Estimates.

- Nil/Negligible/Not available/Not Applicable.

2. Data are subject to rounding-off.

3. Data have been revised for earlier years wherever required.

4. Formatting have been changed as per “State Finances – Study of Budgets of 2009-10”.

5. Where details are not available in respect of one or several sub-groups under a major group, the relevant amount is shown against the sub-group ‘Others’ except for Sales Tax (Table 20) where the relevant amount is shown against the sub-group ‘State Sales Tax’.

6. Figures in respect of Bihar relate to revised estimates from 1990-91 to 1994-95 and 1999-2000 to 2003-04.

7. Figures in respect of Jammu and Kashmir relate to revised estimates from 1990-91 to 1997-98 and 2001-2002 to 2007-08.

8. Figures in respect of Nagaland relate to revised estimates from 1990-91 to 2001-2002.

9. Figures in respect of Manipur and Jharkhand relate to revised estimates for 1990-91 and 2001-2002 to 2007-08, respectively.

10. Additional Resource Mobilisation (ARM) measures proposed by the State Governments are not included in Revenue Receipts in the Tables of Part I.

NOTES ON SPECIFIC TABLES

Table 1

Gross Fiscal Deficit is the difference between aggregate disbursements (net of debt repayments) and recovery of loans and revenue receipts and non-debt capital receipts.

Table 2

Revenue Deficit is the difference between revenue expenditure and revenue receipts.

Table 3

Primary Deficit is gross fiscal deficit less interest payments.

Table 5

Revenue receipt is the sum of tax revenue (States’ own tax revenue and share in Central taxes) and nontax revenue (States’ own non-tax revenue and grant-in-aid).

Table 7

Sales tax also includes VAT as and when introduced by States.

Table 12

Capital receipts include Public Accounts on a net basis.

Table 13

With the change in the system of accounting with effect from 1999-2000, States’ share in small savings which was included earlier under loans from the Centre is included under internal debt and shown as special securities issued to National Small Savings Fund (NSSF) of the Central Government.

Table 15

Transfers to road funds are included in other fiscal services.

Table 17

Expenditure on pension includes ‘Miscellaneous General services’ but excludes ‘Payment on account of lotteries’ from 1980-81 to 1990-91.

Table 19

Capital expenditure is given exclusive of public account.

Table 21

Net lending is ‘loans and advances by State Governments’ less ‘recovery of loans and advances’.

Table 22

Social Sector Expenditure includes expenditure on social services, rural development and food storage and warehousing under revenue expenditure, capital outlay and loans and advances by the State Governments.

Table 24

Net Devolution and Transfer of Resources from the Centre is Gross Devolution and Transfer from the Centre less Interest Payments on Loans from the Centre less Repayment of Loans to the Centre.

Table 26

1. ‘Others’ is a residual item and includes, inter alia, Contingency Funds, appropriation to Contingency Funds, Inter-State Settlement, Land Compensation and Other Bonds and Loans from Financial Institutions.

2. Due to the change in the accounting procedure from 1999-2000, Loans from the Centre excludes States’ share in small saving collections which is shown under Securities issued to the NSSF under Internal Debt. Accordingly, repayments of small saving collections included under repayments of Loans to Centre is now shown under discharge of Internal Debt to have consistent accounting for receipts and expenditure.

3. All figures are on a net basis.

LIC: Life Insurance Corporation of India, NABARD: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development, NCDC: National Co-operative Development Corporation, NSSF: National Small Savings Fund, SBI: State Bank of India.

Table 28

1. For Andhra Pradesh and Manipur, Provident Fund figures is revised from end-March 2004 onwards.

2. The outstanding liabilities (till 1989-90) do not include public account borrowings except total provident funds, etc. The composition of outstanding liabilities has been made more comprehensive from 1990- 91 onwards.

3. From 1997 to 2003, ‘Loans from Other Institutions’ also includes ‘Other Loans’ and ‘Loans from GIC’. From 2004, ‘Loans from Other Institutions’ includes ‘Other Loans’.

FI: Financial Institutions, GIC: General Insurance Corporation of India, LIC: Life Insurance Corporation of India, NABARD: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development, NSSF: National Small Savings Fund, SDLs: State Development Loans, WMAs: Ways and Means Advances.

NOTES ON APPENDICES

Appendix I – Details of Revenue Receipts

1. Additional Resource Mobilisation (ARM) measures are not included in Revenue Receipts.

2. In case of Grants from the Centre, where details are not available in respect of ‘State Plan Scheme’, ‘Centre Plan Scheme’, ‘Centrally Sponsored Schemes’ and ‘Non-Plan Grants’, the relevant amount is shown against ‘State Plan Schemes’. Similarly, where the break-up of grants for ‘Central Plan Schemes’ and ‘Centrally Sponsored Schemes’ are not available, the relevant amount is shown against ‘Centrally Sponsored Schemes’.

3. Where details are not available in respect of one or several sub-groups under a major group, the relevant amount is shown against the sub-group ‘Others’ except for Sales Tax where the relevant amount is shown against the sub-group ‘State Sales Tax’.

@ Includes Non-ferrous Mining and Metallurgical Industries and Other Industries.

* Includes receipts from Dairy Development, Land Reforms, Other Rural Development Programmes, Hill Area, Civil Aviation, Inland Water Transport, Foreign Trade and Export Promotion, Non- Conventional Energy Sources, General Economic Services, Civil Supplies, Road and Bridges, etc.

Appendix II – Details of Revenue Expenditure

1. Where details are not available in respect of one or several sub-groups under major groups, the relevant amount is shown against the sub-group ‘Others’.

2. Negative figures for non-plan expenditure may appear for some States under a few expenditure heads on account of non-plan expenditure being derived by deducting plan expenditure from the total expenditure for the respective head as given in the Annual Financial Statement of the State.

4. Plan and Non-Plan figures may not add up to total for Uttar Pradesh, Manipur as well as for consolidated ‘All States’ for 1994-95 and 1999-2000, respectively, as total expenditure relate to Accounts data, while Plan and Non-Plan data relates to revised estimates.

5. Expenditure on ‘medical and public health’ includes ‘expenditure on family welfare’ for the period 1990-91 to 1994-95.

* Includes expenditure on Information and Publicity, Secretariat-Social Services, Other Social Services, etc.

@ Includes expenditure on Non-Ferrous Mining and Metallurgical Industries.

** Includes expenditure on Other Industries and Other Outlays on Industries and Minerals.

@@ Includes expenditure on Port and Light Houses, Civil Aviation, Road Transport, Inland Water Transport, etc.

+ Includes expenditure on Foreign Trade and Export Promotion, Census, Survey and Statistics and Other General Economic Services.

++ Includes expenditure on Public Service Commission, Treasury and Accounts, Administration, Jails, Supplies and Disposal, Stationery and Printing, Other Administrative Services, etc.

Appendix III – Details of Capital Receipts

1. All figures including those under ‘Public Account’ are on a gross basis since 2003-04. Further, WMA from RBI is included under ‘Internal Debt’ while ‘Cash Balance Investment Account’ and ‘Deposits with RBI’ are included under ‘Suspense and Miscellaneous’. Total capital receipts taking public accounts on a net basis are also given to have comparable data with those of the previous years.

2. Sub-groups ‘Small Savings, Provident Funds, etc.’, ‘Reserve Funds’, ‘Deposits and Advances’, ‘Suspense and Miscellaneous’ and ‘Remittances’ pertain to the ‘Public Account’.

3. Where details are not available in respect of one or several sub-groups under a major group, the relevant amount is shown against the sub-group ‘Others’.

4. In case of Loans and Advances from the Centre, where details are not available in respect of State Plan Schemes, Central Plan Schemes and Centrally Sponsored Schemes, the relevant amount is shown against State Plan Schemes. Similarly, where the break-up of loans for Central Plan Schemes and Centrally Sponsored Schemes are not available, the relevant amount is shown against Centrally Sponsored Schemes.

5. Remittances (net) are included in the Capital Receipts as the same was shown as separate item prior to 1991-92.

6. With the change in the system of accounting with effect from 1999-2000, States’ share in small savings, which was included earlier under loan from the Centre, is included under internal debt and shown as special securities issued to National Small Saving Fund (NSSF) of the Centre Government.

7. It was called loans from National Agricultural Credit Fund of RBI from the period 1990-91 to 1999- 2000.

* Excludes Ways and Means Advances and Overdrafts from the Reserve Bank of India.

# As per the Constitution of India, States cannot raise resources directly from external agencies.

@ Includes Land Compensation Bonds, Loans from Khadi and Village Industries Commission, CWC, etc.

+ Comprise recovery of loans and advances to Government Servants for housing, purchase of conveyances, festivals, marriages, etc.

** Includes recovery of loans and advances for Education, Art and Culture, Social security and Welfare, Fisheries and Animal husbandry, etc.

Appendix IV – Details of Capital Expenditure

1. Plan and Non-Plan figures may not add up to total for Uttar Pradesh, Manipur as well as for consolidated ‘All States’ for 1994-95 and 1999-2000, respectively, as total expenditure relate to Accounts data, while Plan and Non-Plan data relate to revised estimates.

2. Expenditure on ‘medical and public health’ includes ‘expenditure on family welfare’ for the period 1990-91 to 1994-95.

3. All figures are on a gross basis including those under ‘Public Account’ and ‘Contingency Fund’ since 2003-04. Total capital expenditure exclusive of public accounts are also given to have comparable data with those of the previous years.

4. Where details are not available in respect of one or several sub-groups under major groups, the relevant amount is shown against the sub-group ‘Others’.

5. Negative figures for non-plan expenditure may appear for some States under a few expenditure heads on account of non-plan expenditure being derived by deducting plan expenditure from the total expenditure for the respective head as given in the Annual Financial Statement of the State.

$ Includes sum of Items I to IV while Items at II (3) & II (6) are excluded.

* Includes outlay on information and publicity, other social services, etc.

@ Includes outlay on Other Agriculture Programmes, etc.

# Includes outlay on cement and non-metallic industries, petro-chemical industries, chemical industries, engineering industries, telecommunication and electronic industries, consumer industries, atomic energy industries, other industries and minerals, etc.

** Includes outlay on Indian Railway commercial lines, Indian Railway strategic lines, ports and light houses, shipping, civil aviation, road transport, inland water transport, other transport, etc.

@@ Includes outlay on foreign trade and export promotion, technology, other general economic services, investment in general financial and trading institutions, international financial institutions, etc.