GDP growth, estimated at 8.6 per cent during 2010-11, reverted to its recent trend, aided by
rebound in agricultural growth. Industrial growth moderated in the second half of the year
reflecting the effect of higher base and some moderation in investment demand. The services
sector maintained momentum in most of its segments. Buoyant overall agricultural performance
and continued services sector growth momentum augur well for growth in 2011-12. However,
risks to growth ahead arise from rising prices of oil and industrial raw materials, decelerating
investment demand and high inflation.
Indian economy grew at around its trend
rate in 2010-11
I.1 Real GDP growth in 2010-11 reverted to
near trend growth rate, following two successive
years of below trend growth (Chart I.1a). Nonagricultural
GDP growth, however, was slightly
below the trend (Chart I.1b). The main impetus
to the growth in 2010-11 came from agriculture
which benefited from a normal monsoon, while
industry and services registered mild
deceleration (Table I.1). This moderation was
primarily during the second half of the year due
to the waning of the favourable base effect as
well as deceleration in Government-spending
related services. Growth is expected to stay near
its trend during 2011-12 with upside factors
such as buoyant private consumption demand
and improved external demand getting counterbalanced
by likely adverse impact from high fuel and commodity prices and prevailing risks
to global growth from the debt crisis in parts of
the Euro zone. Demand conditions are discussed
in Chapter II of this report.
|
Table I.1 : Sectoral GDP Growth (Base: 2004-05 ) |
(Per cent) |
Item |
2009-10* |
2010-11# |
2009-10 |
2010-11 |
2009-10 (Apr- Dec) |
2010-11 (Apr- Dec) |
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
1. |
Agriculture and allied activities |
0.4 |
5.4 |
1.8 |
1.2 |
-1.6 |
2.5 |
4.4 |
8.9 |
0.2 |
5.7 |
2. |
Industry |
8.3 |
8.2 |
2.9 |
6.3 |
10.0 |
11.7 |
8.9 |
5.7 |
6.4 |
8.7 |
|
2.1 Mining and quarrying |
6.9 |
6.2 |
6.9 |
6.6 |
5.2 |
8.4 |
7.9 |
6.0 |
6.2 |
7.4 |
|
2.2 Manufacturing |
8.8 |
8.8 |
2.0 |
6.1 |
11.4 |
13.0 |
9.8 |
5.6 |
6.5 |
9.4 |
|
2.3 Electricity, gas and water supply |
6.4 |
5.1 |
6.2 |
7.5 |
4.5 |
6.2 |
3.4 |
6.4 |
6.1 |
5.3 |
3. |
Services |
9.7 |
9.4 |
8.5 |
10.8 |
9.2 |
9.4 |
9.6 |
8.7 |
9.5 |
9.3 |
|
3.1 Construction |
7.0 |
8.0 |
5.4 |
5.1 |
8.3 |
10.3 |
8.7 |
8.0 |
6.2 |
9.0 |
|
3.2 Trade, hotels, restaurants, transport and communication, etc. |
9.7 |
11.0 |
5.5 |
8.2 |
10.8 |
11.0 |
12.1 |
9.4 |
8.2 |
10.8 |
|
3.3 Financing, insurance, real estate and business services |
9.2 |
10.6 |
11.5 |
10.9 |
8.5 |
7.9 |
8.2 |
11.2 |
10.3 |
9.1 |
|
3.4 Community, social and personal services |
11.8 |
5.7 |
13.0 |
19.4 |
7.6 |
7.8 |
7.4 |
4.8 |
13.2 |
6.6 |
4. |
GDP at factor cost (total 1 to 3) |
8.0 |
8.6 |
6.3 |
8.6 |
7.3 |
8.9 |
8.9 |
8.2 |
7.4 |
8.6 |
* : Quick Estimates. # : Advance Estimates.
Source: Central Statistics Office. |
Agriculture sector outlook remains strong
I.2 Agricultural production rebounded in
2010-11 after drought conditions in the
preceding year caused a contraction. Foodgrain
production reached a new record with both
Kharif and Rabi crops turning out to be good.
A satisfactory North-East monsoon following
the normal South-West monsoon coupled with
favourable sowing and reservoir positions
improved the prospects for agricultural
production during 2010-11. At 2 per cent
and 21 per cent above their respective long
period averages (LPA), this is the first time in
the last ten years that both the South-West and the North-East monsoons surpassed their
respective LPAs. There has, however, been a
secular decline in the long-term average rainfall
during June-September over the years (Chart
I.2). This reflects deterioration in climatic
conditions that may have long-run detrimental
consequences for agricultural output in India.
I.3 Area sown under major Rabi crops, in
particular, wheat and pulses, have surpassed
their respective normal areas sown and levels
achieved in 2009-10 by significant margins.
Rabi sowing of all crops as on April 15, 2011 was 4 per cent higher than the level achieved
during the previous year (Table I.2). The
foodgrain production in 2010-11 is estimated
to be the highest ever, surpassing the previous
peak achieved in 2008-09. Significant increases
in the outputs of key agricultural products would
help in reducing the pressure on food prices.
Agro-based industries could benefit from higher
agricultural growth. Higher agricultural growth
could also translate into better rural incomes
which could help boost the demand for other
sectors.
Record wheat production requires focus
on food management
I.4 With record wheat production witnessed
in 2010-11, there is need for focussed attention
on food management. This is essential for
building optimal food stocks while averting the
problem of plenty caused by bumper harvests.
The total stock of foodgrains with the Food
Corporation of India (FCI) and other
Government agencies declined to 44.4 million
tonnes on March 31, 2011 (60.9 million tonnes
on June 30, 2010) partly reflecting the Government’s policy of faster release of
foodgrains to the market to ease food inflation
(Chart I.3). The Government has fast-tracked
the process of creating new storage capacity of
150 lakh metric tonnes through private
entrepreneurs and warehousing corporations
while making capital investment in modern
storage capacity eligible for viability gap
funding. Going forward, the challenge for food management and procurement will be to ensure
that the volatility in food prices does not get
amplified.
Table I.2 : Agriculture Production and Rabi Area Sown |
(Area in Million hectares; Production in Million tonnes) |
Crop |
Sowing |
Production |
Normal |
2009-10 |
2010-11 |
Per cent of Normal 2010-11 |
Final 2009-10 |
3rd Advance Estimates 2010-11 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
Rice |
4.26 |
4.43 |
4.45 |
104.5 |
89.09 |
94.11 |
|
|
|
(0.5) |
|
|
(5.6) |
Wheat |
27.33 |
28.36 |
29.41 |
107.6 |
80.80 |
84.27 |
|
|
|
(3.7) |
|
|
(4.3) |
Total Coarse Cereals |
6.32 |
6.58 |
6.19 |
97.9 |
33.55 |
40.21 |
|
|
|
(-6.0) |
|
|
(19.9) |
Total Cereals |
37.91 |
39.37 |
40.05 |
105.6 |
203.45 |
218.59 |
|
|
|
(1.7) |
|
|
(7.4) |
Total Pulses |
12.02 |
14.30 |
15.75 |
131.0 |
14.66 |
17.29 |
|
|
|
(10.1) |
|
|
(17.9) |
Total Foodgrains |
49.93 |
53.68 |
55.80 |
111.8 |
218.11 |
235.88 |
|
|
|
(4.0) |
|
|
(8.1) |
Total Nine Oilseeds |
9.98 |
9.82 |
10.21 |
102.3 |
24.88 |
30.25 |
|
|
|
(3.9) |
|
|
(21.6) |
Cotton # |
- |
- |
- |
- |
24.23 |
33.93 |
Jute # # |
- |
- |
- |
- |
11.23 |
9.89 |
Mesta # # |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.59 |
0.59 |
Sugarcane (Cane) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
292.3 |
340.55 |
All Crops |
59.91 |
63.50 |
66.00 |
110.2 |
- |
- |
|
|
|
(4.0) |
|
|
|
-: Nil/Not Available. #: Million bales of 170 kgs. each. # #: Million bales of 180 kgs. each.
Note: Figures in parentheses are percentage change over previous year.
Source: Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. |
|
Industrial growth decelerates on account
of high base effect and moderation in
investment demand
I.5 During 2010-11 (data available up to
February 2011), the industrial sector exhibited
signs of slowdown as the IIP growth moderated
with intermittent episodes of volatility mainly
on account of the high base effect and sharp
deceleration in capital and intermediate goods
which could partly be attributed to the
moderation in investment demand in Q3 of
2010-11 (Chart I.4).
I.6 The lower growth in IIP during April-
February 2010-11 compared to the
corresponding period of the previous year has
been on account of the slowdown in growth of
almost all the sectors except consumer goods
(Table I.3). The contribution of intermediate and capital goods to the overall IIP growth declined,
reflecting some moderation in investment
demand. The continued high growth of
consumer durables segment reflects higher
private consumption demand.
Table I.3 : Index of Industrial Production : Sectoral and Use-Based Classification of Industries |
(Per cent) |
Industry Group |
Weight
in the
IIP |
Growth Rate |
Weighted Contribution # |
Apr-Mar
2009-10 |
Apr-Feb |
Apr-Mar
2009-10 |
Apr-Feb |
2009-10 |
2010-11P |
2009-10 |
2010-11 P |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
Sectoral |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mining |
10.5 |
9.9 |
9.6 |
6.5 |
6.0 |
6.1 |
5.3 |
Manufacturing |
79.4 |
11.0 |
10.4 |
8.1 |
89.4 |
89.2 |
89.4 |
Electricity |
10.2 |
6.0 |
5.8 |
5.4 |
4.6 |
4.6 |
5.3 |
Use-based |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic Goods |
35.6 |
7.2 |
6.8 |
6.5 |
19.5 |
19.5 |
23.0 |
Capital Goods |
9.3 |
19.2 |
19.0 |
8.7 |
29.4 |
27.4 |
17.4 |
Intermediate Goods |
26.5 |
13.6 |
13.6 |
9.1 |
32.4 |
34.2 |
30.2 |
Consumer Goods (a+b) |
28.7 |
6.2 |
5.9 |
7.5 |
18.7 |
18.8 |
29.3 |
a) Consumer Durables |
5.4 |
24.6 |
23.8 |
21.8 |
17.9 |
18.2 |
24.0 |
b) Consumer Non-durables |
23.3 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
1.9 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
5.3 |
General |
100.0 |
10.5 |
10.0 |
7.8 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
# : Figures may not add up to 100 due to rounding off. P : Provisional.
Source: Central Statistics Office. |
Amidst slowdown, manufacturing activity
spread more evenly now
I.7 One notable feature of the pattern of
IIP growth is that the activity in manufacturing
sector has become more evenly spread with fifteen out of seventeen industries recording
positive growth during April-February 2010-11.
Moreover, the contribution of the bottom twelve
industries to the overall IIP growth has increased
(Chart I.5).
Recent IIP slowdown exacerbated by
volatile components
I.8 The recent IIP slowdown during the
period November 2010 to February 2011 has
been exacerbated by a few industries. If IIP
growth is calculated after excluding the top
10 and the bottom 10 items that tend to
disproportionately impact the overall IIP on
account of wide volatility, the growth in
February 2011 would be close to 8.8 per cent
vis-à-vis 8.7 per cent in January 2011 and 11.2
per cent in February 2010. This suggests that
the deceleration is not as pronounced as it may
appear from the headline numbers.
Nevertheless, the risk to industrial growth
remains with deceleration in output of capital
goods (Chart I.6).
Growth of core infrastructure sector
remains moderate
I.9 The six core industries (26.6 per cent of
total weight in IIP) registered marginally higher
growth during April-February 2010-11 as compared with the same period in the previous
year while the year-on-year growth indicates
some moderation in recent months (Chart I.7).
Acute shortage of coal from domestic sources
seems to have had some adverse impact on
electricity generation. Growth in crude oil has
been robust during the year partly due to base
effect. Closer attention to investment in core
infrastructure industries is necessary in view of
likely energy deficits over the medium term.
High oil prices likely to affect near term
growth
I.10 Uncertainty in the Middle East and North
Africa (MENA) adds to upward risk in
international oil prices. Analysis in the Indian
context indicates likely adverse impact of rising
input cost on GDP. Sectors such as surface and
air transport, synthetic fibre and chemicals, cotton textiles, paper products, rubber and
plastic, cement and foodgrains have high input
linkages with oil.
Capacity utilisation inching up
I.11 The evidence on capacity utilisation,
order books and inventories provides a mixed
picture on cyclical conditions in the industry.
There has been some improvement in the
overall capacity utilisation in Q3 of 2010-11
and order books improved during the quarter
(Chart I.8). It still remains below the levels
during the same period of the previous year.
For the core industries, while capacity
utilisation in petroleum refining and fertiliser
remains stretched, that of cement and thermal
power generation has eased in line with the
production trend for these two industries.
Employment gaining traction supported
by IT and automobiles industries
I.12 The ninth round of the series of “Quarterly
Quick Employment Surveys” conducted by the
Labour Bureau to assess the impact of the
economic slowdown on employment in India
for the quarter ended December 2010 indicates
that the employment situation showed
substantial improvement in major industries/
groups led by the IT/BPO and the automobile
industries (Table I.4).
Table I.4 : Changes in Estimated Employment |
(in Thousands) |
Industry/Group |
Mar 2010
over Dec
2009 |
Jun 2010
over Mar
2010 |
Sep 2010
over Jun
2010 |
Dec 2010
over Sep
2010 |
Dec 2010
over Dec
2009 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
1. Textiles including apparels |
-119 |
-63 |
245 |
40 |
103 |
2. Leather |
0 |
21 |
4 |
16 |
41 |
3. Metals |
4 |
45 |
27 |
0 |
76 |
4. Automobiles |
29 |
51 |
29 |
18 |
127 |
5. Gems and jewellery |
24 |
4 |
4 |
-10 |
22 |
6. Transport |
-2 |
-21 |
13 |
-1 |
-7 |
7. IT/BPO |
129 |
129 |
108 |
141 |
507 |
8. Handloom/powerloom |
-5 |
-3 |
6 |
3 |
1 |
Overall |
61 |
162 |
435 |
207 |
870 |
Source: Ninth Quarterly Quick Employment Survey, October 2010-December 2010, Labour Bureau. |
Services sector exhibits sustained
momentum
I.13 The services sector growth moderated
during Q3 of 2010-11 led by deceleration across
all sub-sectors except ‘financing, insurance, real
estate and business services’. The ‘community,
social and personal services’ sub-sector
decelerated sharply in 2010-11 so far, reflecting
the resumption of the fiscal consolidation
process. Nevertheless, the outlook for services
sector remains positive with lead indicators of
services sector such as tourist arrivals and cell
phone connections recording robust growth as
per the data available so far for 2010-11.
Commercial vehicles production, air cargo and
passengers handled at domestic and international terminals registered higher growth
indicating buoyant transport sector. Leading
indicators of construction activity show a mixed
trend with improvement in growth of steel
production and deceleration in cement
(Table I.5).
Table I.5 : Indicators of Services Sector Activity |
(Growth in Per cent) |
Services Sector Indicators |
2008-09 |
2009-10 |
Apr-Feb 2009-10 |
Apr-Feb 2010-11 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
Tourist arrivals# |
-3.3 |
4.5 |
4.5 |
9.0 |
Commercial vehicles production# |
-24 |
35.9 |
35.9 |
32.6 |
Cement |
7.2 |
10.5 |
10.8 |
4.3 |
Steel |
1.6 |
4.9 |
5.2 |
8.1 |
Railway revenue earning freight traffic |
4.9 |
6.6 |
6.9 |
3.6 |
Cell phone connections |
80.9 |
47.3 |
49.8 |
20.2 |
Cargo handled at major ports |
2.2 |
5.7 |
5.5 |
1.1 |
Civil aviation |
|
|
|
|
Export cargo handled |
3.4 |
10.4 |
10.4 |
14.7 |
Import cargo handled |
-5.7 |
7.9 |
5.5 |
22.1 |
Passengers handled at international terminals |
3.8 |
5.7 |
5.1 |
11.7 |
Passengers handled at domestic terminals |
-12.1 |
14.5 |
14.1 |
15.7 |
#: Data pertain to April-March.
Source: Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation and SIAM. |
Growth momentum likely to sustain at
close to trend
I.14 Current growth conditions suggest that the
Indian economy is neither overheated, nor does
it face a slack. Growth conditions have shown
slight moderation of late, but GDP is still likely
to grow close to trend in 2011-12. The India
Meteorological Department (IMD) has predicted a normal monsoon in 2011. Following
a record Rabi outturn, this can bolster
agricultural growth further. Manufacturing is
expected to sustain the momentum as reflected
in the strong private consumption demand and
improvement in external demand. PMI for
March 2011 also suggests sustained expansion.
Monsoon turning out to be less than normal is a
potential downside risk. If recent increases in
crude oil and industrial raw material prices
persist, they could weaken the growth
momentum amidst high inflation. Downside
risks to growth also arise from higher cost of
capital and any weakening of consumer
confidence as the cost of leverage goes up. |